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Lysosomes --- 576.311.344 --- 576.311.344 Lysosomes. Peroxisomes. --- Lysosomes. Peroxisomes. --- Lysosome --- Autolysosome --- Autolysosomes --- Cell organelles --- Histology. Cytology --- Lysosomes. --- Cytology.

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The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms.

Pancreas. --- Pancreatic acinar cells. --- Pancreas, Exocrine. --- Pancreas --- Secretion --- Digestive enzymes --- Acinar cell --- Duct cell --- Digestion --- Centroacinar cell --- Cholecystokinin --- Secretin --- Endoplasmic reticulum --- Zymogens --- Zymogen granule --- Condensing vacuole --- Lysosome --- Unfolded protein response --- Cystic fibrosis --- Trypsinogen --- Lipase --- Amylase

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This collection of review articles authored by international experts pulls together current information about the role of mitochondria in aging and diseases of aging. Mitochondria are vitally important cellular organelles and undergo their own aging process becoming less efficient in aged animals including humans. These changes have wide-ranging significance contributing to immune dysfunction (autoimmunity and immune deficiency), inflammation, delayed healing, skin and retinal damage, cancer and most of the degenerative diseases of aging. Mitochondrial aging predisposes to drug toxicity in the geriatric population and to many of the features of normal aging. The research detailed in this book summarizes current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the complex molecular changes of aging, moving on to specific diseases of aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important target for development of treatments for aging and disease. The last article details how exercise is a treatment and combats many features of the aging process.

age-related diseases --- n/a --- sphingolipids --- glaucoma --- ALS --- neurodegeneration --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- adaptive immunity --- senescence --- de-emergence --- innate immunity --- cell danger response --- mitochondrial transfer --- axonal transport --- cytokines --- mitochondrial --- age-related macular degeneration --- prevention --- heart failure --- purinergic signaling --- autophagy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- diabetic retinopathy --- proteostasis --- 1 --- immunosenescence --- Miro1 --- ROS --- metabolism --- optic nerve --- polypharmacy --- eIF2? --- Parkin --- coenzyme Q10 --- neurodegenerative disease --- DNA damage --- skin --- exercise --- nucleotide metabolism --- pasteur effect --- stress response --- inflammation --- retina --- drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity --- neuroinflammation --- exosomes --- reactive oxygen species --- 25(OH)D --- cardiomyopathy --- crabtree effect --- insulin resistance --- cardiovascular disease --- ageing --- genetic mutations --- metabokines --- mitochondria --- multiple sclerosis --- aerobic --- healing cycle --- SOD1 --- mitophagy --- PINK1 --- type 2 diabetes --- integrated cell stress response --- morbidity and mortality --- ultraviolet --- photoageing --- cancer --- aging --- 25(OH)2D --- lysosome --- NAD+ --- Parkinson’s disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease