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Horticultural crop yield and quality depend on genotype, environmental conditions, and production management. In particular, adverse environmental conditions may greatly affect crop performance, reducing crop yield by 50%–70%. Abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and ultraviolet radiation affect multiple physiological and biochemical mechanisms in plants as they attempt to cope with the stress conditions. However, different crop species can have different sensitivities or tolerances to specific abiotic stresses. Tolerant plants may activate different strategies to adapt to or avoid the negative effect of abiotic stresses. At the physiological level, photosynthetic activity and light-use efficiency of plants may be modulated to enhance tolerance against the stress. At the biochemical level, several antioxidant systems may be activated, and many enzymes may produce stress-related metabolites to help avoid cellular damage, including compounds such as proline, glycine betaine, and amino acids. Within each crop species there is a wide variability of tolerance to abiotic stresses, and some wild relatives may carry useful traits for enhancing the tolerance to abiotic stresses in their progeny through either traditional or biotechnological breeding. The research papers and reviews presented in this book provide an update of the scientific knowledge of crop interactions with abiotic stresses.

heat --- polyphenols --- stomatal conductance --- shelf-life --- transpiration productivity --- transcription --- ornamental plants --- cold --- green areas --- flowering --- agronomic tools --- gas exchange --- ornamental --- prolonged storage --- transpiration --- greenhouse production --- dormancy --- temperature --- irradiance --- chilling requirements --- qPCR --- phenolics --- lodging --- hypoxia --- salinity --- relative humidity --- signal transduction --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- leaf water saturation deficit --- solar radiation --- plant choice --- partial root zone drying --- drought --- electro-conductivity --- growth --- flavonoids --- transpiration efficiency --- cloning --- oxidative stress --- breeding

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This book collects the articles published in the Special Issue “Polymeric Materials: Surfaces, Interfaces and Bioapplications”. It shows the advances in polymeric materials, which have tremendous applications in agricultural films, food packaging, dental restoration, antimicrobial systems, and tissue engineering. These polymeric materials are presented as films, coatings, particles, fibers, hydrogels, or networks. The potential to modify and modulate their surfaces or their content by different techniques, such as click chemistry, ozonation, breath figures, wrinkle formation, or electrospray, are also explained, taking into account the relationship between the structure and properties in the final application. Moreover, new trends in the development of such materials are presented, using more environmental friendly and safe methods, which, at the same time, have a high impact on our society.

Artificial muscle --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- antifouling coatings --- tissue engineering --- biodegradable --- polymer cross-linking --- UV/ozone --- inmiscibility --- bioapplications --- antibacterial --- polypropylene --- degradation --- protein-repellent polymer --- micro- and nanopatterned films --- oral biofilms --- bio-based --- composite films --- stimuli-responsive materials/smart surfaces --- surface modification/functionalization --- caries inhibition --- superhydrophobic --- blends --- nanosecond laser surface modification --- biofouling --- degenerative disc disease --- surface-attached polymer network --- total disc replacement --- surface wettability --- bonding agents --- polydimethylsiloxane --- natural biofilms --- Electrical stimulation --- microparticles --- hemicelluloses --- superhydrophilic --- fossil --- surface segregation --- honeycomb --- prolonged drug release --- hydrogel --- conformational entropy --- Electroactive biomaterials --- antimicrobial --- ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) --- intervertebral disc --- calcium chloride --- sustainable --- biodegradable polymers --- friction and wear --- Drug delivery --- alginate modification --- breath figures --- spinal fusion --- blends and (nano)composites --- composites --- antimicrobial polymer --- periodontal pathogens --- polymeric composites --- scaffolds --- corn stalk fiber --- worn surface morphology --- irradiance --- friction composite --- antimicrobial coatings --- gradient wrinkles --- porous surfaces --- Electrically conductive polymers --- oxygen barrier property --- food packaging --- spinal anatomy --- Smart composites --- recycling --- packaging --- hybrids --- bio-based polymers --- coatings --- poly(x-chlorostyrene) --- eco-friendly --- multidimensional scale analysis --- single-stranded conformation polymorphism --- Bioelectric effect --- spray drying --- herniated disc