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This Special Issue of Minerals presents recent, select studies that highlight advances in the fields of hydro- and biohydrometallurgy. It aims to attract the interest of readers and especially of young scientists and students in this fascinating scientific discipline. The topics addressed include the following:• Stirred reactor and heap leaching of laterites (limonitic and saprolitic), as well as iron control during atmospheric acid leaching;• Leaching of a typical porphyry copper sulfide deposit from Antofagasta, Chile, using chloride-ferrous solutions;• Leaching of chalcopyrite ores with various leaching media;• Leaching of white metal from a Teniente converter in NaCl-H2SO4 media; • Study of the galvanic effect of pyrite and arsenopyrite during the leaching of gold ores;• Leaching of marine nodules in the presence of reducing agents to extract Mn;• Bioleaching of gold ores in the presence of iodide-oxidizing bacteria;• A two-step sequential leaching process, involving bioleaching and chemical leaching, to treat apatite ores containing P and U impurities;• Bioreductive dissolution of iron minerals present in monazite in stirred reactors using Acidithiobacillus (A.) species;• Heap leaching of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) for the recovery of Zn and Cu.

n/a --- counter-current leaching --- metal extraction --- slag --- low-grade saprolitic laterite --- agglomeration --- bioleaching --- white metal --- precipitation --- iodide --- seawater --- reducing agent --- chloride --- chalcopyrite --- pyrite–arsenopyrite galvanic pair --- frontier orbital methods --- acid media --- bottom ash --- phosphorus --- manganese nodules --- waste reuse --- galvanic effect --- gold diiodide --- municipal solid waste incineration --- jarosite --- column leaching --- secondary mining --- iodide-oxidizing bacteria --- leaching --- primary sulfide copper --- heap leaching --- electrochemical --- optimization of parameters --- chloride ion --- reductive mineral dissolution --- tailings --- curing --- acid leaching --- secondary products --- uranium --- ferric ion --- Acidithiobacillus --- limonitic laterites --- iron reduction --- fluorapatite --- nitrate --- gold --- phosphate mineral --- purification --- iodine --- nickel --- sodium sulfite --- pregnant leach solution --- copper sulfide --- sulphuric acid --- laterites --- REE --- pretreatment --- triiodide --- laterite --- pyrite-arsenopyrite galvanic pair