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Background information on supply voltage fluctuations caused by fluctuations in power demands of installations is provided by this standard. The manifestation of these supply voltage fluctuations as lamp flicker is presented in this standard. A flicker measurement method using a meter that is described in IEC 61000-4-15 is presented in this standard. The short-term (Pst) and long-term (Plt) indices used for the quantification of lamp flicker are defined in this standard. For different system voltages, planning levels for flicker that the utilities need their system to be limited to in order to reduce customer complaints are defined in this standard. The procedure for determining emission limits for individual installations at the point of common coupling (PCC) so that the planning levels can be achieved in practice is defined in this standard. Then, an assessment procedure for evaluating flicker compliance against emission limits is described. Methodologies to analyze background flicker to identify the flicker contribution of individual sources are also presented in this standard. Rapid voltage changes (RVCs) that are caused by various system events such as switching of capacitor banks, energization of power transformers, and starting of induction motors are also addressed by this standard. Methods to estimate flicker or RVCs at the PCC for various types of fluctuating installations are provided by this document. Example terms and language that can be the basis for defining relative responsibilities and assessment methods for installations that may cause flicker and RVCs are included in the document.

Fluctuations (Physics)

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The conference covers the noise and fluctuation phenomena in a wide range of materials, devices and systems It is also a platform for researchers around the world for exchange in both the fundamental and applied nature of noise.

Fluctuations (Physics) --- Noise control

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Solids --- Solids --- Valence fluctuations --- Valence fluctuations --- Congresses. --- Congresses.

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Accounting and price fluctuations. --- Cost accounting.

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Advances in nanotechnology have allowed physicists and engineers to miniaturize electronic structures to the limit where finite-size related phenomena start to impact their properties. This book discusses such phenomena and models made for their description. The book starts from the semiclassical description of nonequilibrium effects, details the scattering theory used for quantum transport calculations, and explains the main interference effects. It also describes how to treat fluctuations and correlations, how interactions affect transport through small islands, and how superconductivity modifies these effects. The last two chapters describe new emerging fields related with graphene and nanoelectromechanics. The focus of the book is on the phenomena rather than formalism, but the book still explains in detail the main models constructed for these phenomena. It also introduces a number of electronic devices, including the single-electron transistor, the superconducting tunnel junction refrigerator, and the superconducting quantum bit.--

Nanoelectronics --- Transport theory --- Fluctuations (Physics) --- Low temperatures --- Low temperatures. --- Nanoelectronics. --- Transport theory. --- Nanoélectronique --- Transport, Théorie du --- Fluctuations (physique) --- Basses températures --- Fluctuations (Physics). --- Théorie du transport