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Mark Twain among the Indians and Other Indigenous Peoples is the first book-length study of the writer's evolving views regarding the aboriginal inhabitants of North America and the Southern Hemisphere, and his deeply conflicted representations of them in fiction, newspaper sketches, and speeches. Using a wide range of archival materials-including previously unexamined marginalia in books from Clemens's personal library-Driscoll charts the development of the writer's ethnocentric attitudes about Indians and savagery in relation to the various geographic and social milieus of communities he inhabited at key periods in his life, from antebellum Hannibal, Missouri, and the Sierra Nevada mining camps of the 1860s to the progressive urban enclave of Hartford's Nook Farm. The book also examines the impact of Clemens's 1895-96 world lecture tour, when he traveled to Australia and New Zealand and learned firsthand about the dispossession and mistreatment of native peoples under British colonial rule. This groundbreaking work of cultural studies offers fresh readings of canonical texts such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Roughing It, and Following the Equator, as well as a number of Twain's shorter works.
Indians of North America --- Indians in literature. --- Social conditions --- Twain, Mark, --- Clemens, Orion, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Characters --- Indians. --- Political and social views. --- West (U.S.) --- In literature. --- 1860s. --- aboriginal inhabitants. --- antebellum hannibal. --- archival materials. --- british rule. --- communities. --- conflicted representations. --- ethnocentric attitudes. --- fiction. --- indians. --- mining camps. --- missouri. --- native peoples. --- newspaper sketches. --- nook farm. --- north america. --- progressive urban. --- savagery. --- sierra nevada. --- social milieus. --- southern hemisphere. --- speeches. --- unexamined marginalia. --- world lecture tour.
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During the Enlightenment, Western scholars racialized ideas, deeming knowledge based on reality superior to that based on ideality. Scholars labeled inquiries into ideality, such as animism and soul-migration, "savage philosophy," a clear indicator of the racism motivating the distinction between the real and the ideal. In their view, the savage philosopher mistakes connections between signs for connections between real objects and believes that discourse can have physical effects-in other words, they believe in magic. Christopher Bracken's Magical Criticism brings the unacknowledged history of this racialization to light and shows how, even as we have rejected ethnocentric notions of "the savage," they remain active today in everything from attacks on postmodernism to Native American land disputes. Here Bracken reveals that many of the most influential Western thinkers dabbled in savage philosophy, from Marx, Nietzsche, and Proust, to Freud, C. S. Peirce, and Walter Benjamin. For Bracken, this recourse to savage philosophy presents an opportunity to reclaim a magical criticism that can explain the very real effects created by the discourse of historians, anthropologists, philosophers, the media, and governments.
Ethnophilosophy --- Magical thinking. --- Philosophy and civilization. --- Semiotics. --- History. --- Magical thinking --- Philosophy and civilization --- Semiotics --- Mystical-magic thinking --- Fantasy --- Magic --- Thought and thinking --- Folk philosophy --- Indigenous peoples --- Philosophy, Primitive --- Primitive philosophy --- Cognition and culture --- Ethnology --- Philosophy --- Semeiotics --- Semiology (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Signs and symbols --- Structuralism (Literary analysis) --- Civilization and philosophy --- Civilization --- History --- critical, critique, criticism, savage, philosophy, philosopher, philosophical, enlightenment, time period, era, western, race, racial, racialized, racism, knowledge, identity, ideality, scholars, researchers, academic, scholarly, research, animism, soul, migration, ideal, discourse, physical, ethnocentric, ethnicity, native american, postmodernism, marx, nietzsche, proust, peirce, benjamin.
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