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Book
Solid Phase Extraction: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
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ISBN: 3039211595 3039211587 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book is a collection of 13 innovative papers describing the state of the art and the future perspectives in solid-phase extraction covering several analytical fields prior to the use of gas or liquid chromatographic analysis. New sorptive materials are presented including carbon nanohorn suprastructures on paper support, melamine sponge functionalized with urea–formaldehyde co-oligomers, chiral metal–organic frameworks, UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks, and fabric phase sorptive media for various applications. Solid-phase extraction can be applied in several formats aside from the conventional cartridges or mini-column approach, e.g., online solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and in-syringe micro-solid-phase extraction can be very helpful for analyte pre-concentration and sample clean-up. Polycyclic musks in aqueous samples, 8-Nitroguanine in DNA by chemical derivatization antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of salvia prattii, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aater samples by bamboo charcoal-based SPE, parabens in environmental water samples, benzotriazoles as environmental pollutants, organochlorine pesticide residues in various fruit juices and water samples and synthetic peptide purification are among the applications cited in this collection. All these outstanding contributions highlight the necessity of this analytical step, present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and focus on the green analytical chemistry guidelines that have to be fulfilled in current analytical practices.


Book
Advances of Accurate Quantification Methods in Food Analysis
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ISBN: 3036558446 3036558438 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Food safety is a matter of great significance for the global population. Therefore, researchers have been developing and validating analytical methods to extract, separate and quantitate a variety of hazardous and nutritional analytes in various food commodities. Due to the complexity of food components, a suitable pretreatment method is required to eliminate matrix effects and lower the detection limit. Afterward, chromatography and mass spectrometry are powerful tools in the guarantee of food safety and quality. This book is the reprint of a Special Issue of Separations, “Advances of Accurate Quantification Methods in Food Analysis”, and provides an overview of recent trends in food analytical methods. Both novel sample pretreatment and detection techniques are covered, with the aim of accurate quantification. This Special Issue received nine contributions that covered the latest analytical methods, and focused on pesticides, mycotoxin, antibiotics, metal ions, organic selenium and anthocyanins.


Book
Various Adsorbents for Water Purification Processes
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ISBN: 3036556273 3036556281 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The development of effective treatment methods or the synthesis of new effective adsorbents capable of selective sorption of toxic substances is now of great importance. This reprint contains articles focused on wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, and hormones from synthetic and real solutions using different types of adsorbent, such as synthetic ion exchangers, natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, zeolites, magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, imprinted polymers, and magnetic adsorbents, as well as cost estimation of activated carbon production from waste nutshells by physical activation could be found.


Book
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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ISBN: 3039212303 303921229X Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Since their discovery, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received tremendous attention due to their unique electrical, optical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Remarkable advances have been made in the synthesis, purification, structural characterization, functionalization, and application of MWCNTs. Their particular characteristics make them well suited for a plethora of applications in a number of fields, namely nanoelectronics, nanofluids, energy management, (electro)catalysis, materials science, construction of (bio)sensors based on different detection schemes, multifunctional nanoprobes for biomedical imaging, and sorbents for sample preparation or removal of contaminants from wastewater. They are also useful as anti-bacterial agents, drug delivery nanocarriers, etc. The current relevant application areas are countless. This Special Issue presents original research and review articles that address advances, trends, challenges, and future perspectives regarding synthetic routes, structural features, properties, behaviors, and industrial or scientific applications of MWCNTs in established and emerging areas.


Book
Sample Preparation-Quo Vadis : Current Status of Sample Preparation Approaches-2nd Edition
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ISBN: 3036557210 3036557229 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Sample preparation is and will always be the most important step in chemical analysis. Numerous techniques, methods, methodologies, and approaches are published in the literature offering a wide range of analytical tools to the lab practitioner. Analytical scientists all over the world are trying to develop protocols for a plethora of analytes in various sample matrices. In the last decade, sample pre-treatment advances have followed green chemistry and green analytical chemistry demands, focusing on miniaturization and automation, using the least possible amount of organic solvents. The question is how far we have been till now, and what the future perspectives are. To answer this question, analytical chemists were invited to share their experience in the field and report on the recent advances in sample-preparation approaches. The outcome of our invitation was eleven excellent manuscripts, including four review articles and seven original research articles in the first edition of the Special Issue “Sample Preparation-Quo Vadis: Current Status of Sample Preparation Approaches”.The second edition is a collection of ten significant contributions to the field of sample preparation. It includes two highly interesting and comprehensive review articles and eight innovative research articles.


Book
Venom and Toxin as Targeted Therapy
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ISBN: 3039211900 3039211897 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Targeted therapy has developed significantly in the last one and half decades, prescribing specific medications for treatment of particular diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. One of the most exciting recent developments in targeted therapies was the isolation of disease-specific molecules from natural resources, such as animal venoms and plant metabolites/toxins, for use as templates for new drug motif designs. In addition, the study of venom proteins/peptides and toxins naturally targeted mammalian receptors and demonstrated high specificity and selectivity towards defined ion channels of cell membranes. Research has also focsed intensely on receptors. The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins addressed the most recent advances using animal venoms, such as frog secretions, bee/ant venoms and plant/fungi toxins, as medicinal therapy. Recent advances in venom/toxin/immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy, along with using novel disease-specific venom-based protein/peptide/toxin and currently available FDA-approved drugs for combinationtreatments will be discussed. Finally, we included an overview of select promising toad/snake venom-based peptides/toxins potentially able to address the forthcoming challenges in this field. Both research and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, were published in this Special Issue after rigorous evaluation and revision by expert peer reviewers.

Keywords

cane toad --- n/a --- B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma --- Malaysian cobras --- complement system --- decay accelerating factor --- neuroblastoma --- atopic dermatitis --- complement dependent cytotoxicity --- antioxidant enzymes --- bacterial adhesion --- cancer therapy --- N. kaouthia --- anuran skin secretion --- frog --- Apis mellifera syriaca --- solid phase extraction --- bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) --- disintegrin --- toad toxins --- immunotoxins --- ribosome-inactivating proteins --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- drug design --- Moxetumomab pasudotox --- snake venom --- antiviral activity --- in vitro effects --- bombesin-related peptide --- oxidative stress biomarkers --- half-life --- blood vessel formation --- target therapy --- 2 --- MYCN --- indolealkylamines --- Huachansu --- membrane attack complex --- bouganin --- bee venom --- SEM --- anticancer activity --- antimicrobial peptide --- house dust mite extract (DFE) --- mannose receptor --- O. hannah --- bicarinalin --- gastric cells --- melittin --- LC-ESI-MS --- dermaseptin --- smooth muscle --- apoptosis --- anticancer --- N. sumatrana --- Helicobacter pylori --- inflammation --- immunotherapy --- atopic dermatitis (AD) --- immunotoxin --- mantle cell lymphoma --- clearance --- mass spectrometry --- Bougainvillea --- rRNA N-glycosylase activity --- fungal toxin --- skin inflammation --- targeted therapy --- 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) --- Bee venom --- VEGF --- Chansu --- bufadienolides --- obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) --- BLF1 --- antimicrobial activity --- orellanine --- VB6-845 --- acute lymphoblastic leukemia --- ribosome-inactivating protein --- CD206 --- molecular cloning --- cancer --- CD22 --- eIF4A --- obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)


Book
Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science
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ISBN: 3039214128 303921411X Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book will provide the most recent knowledge and advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Separation Science. Everyone working in a laboratory must be familiar with the basis of these technologies, and they often involve elaborate and time-consuming procedures that can take up to 80% of the total analysis time. Sample preparation is an essential step in most of the analytical methods for environmental and biomedical analysis, since the target analytes are often not detected in their in-situ forms, or the results are distorted by interfering species. In the past decade, modern sample preparation techniques have aimed to comply with green analytical chemistry principles, leading to simplification, miniaturization, easy manipulation of the analytical devices, low costs, strong reduction or absence of toxic organic solvents, as well as low sample volume requirements.Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and forensic sciences.

Keywords

caffeine and acetaminophen tracers --- solvent delivery with a moving pipette --- determination --- China herbal tea --- enrichment --- review --- on-line --- pectin --- nanocomposite --- Cassiae Semen --- environmental analysis --- pathogenic --- preconcentration --- nail --- liver --- extraction --- sample preparation --- hydrogel --- solid-phase extraction --- geological samples --- ionic liquids --- rice grains --- subzero-temperature assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- sugaring-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- poly (OMA-co-TRIM) monolithic column --- hormones --- vortex-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion --- trace analysis --- gas chromatography --- LC–MS/MS --- membrane-based microextraction --- gold --- antipsychotics --- in-line filter --- HPLC --- space instrumentation --- liquid chromatography --- biological samples --- vitamins --- polyvinyl alcohol --- in-tube SPME --- high-frequency heating --- UPLC-MS/MS --- oxylipins --- nucleic acid isolation --- non-anthocyanin polyphenol --- large volume --- barbiturates --- solvent front position extraction --- oligopeptides --- urine --- SPE --- whole blood --- anthraquinones --- flow rate --- chlorophenoxy acid herbicides --- amlodipine --- schizophrenic’ patients --- salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- automation --- sorbent --- whole water --- blueberry --- hydrophobic-solvent assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- crab shells --- miniaturization --- curie temperature --- sand --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- multi-spheres adsorptive micro-extraction (MSA?E) --- floating sampling technology --- protein precipitation --- pesticides residue --- sample preparation with TLC/HPTLC --- phenolic compounds --- response surface methodology --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- trapping system --- caffeine --- aflatoxins --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- pesticides --- organic-based monoliths --- matrix solid phase dispersion --- simultaneous determination --- pharmaceuticals --- sorbent-based techniques --- desirability function approach --- plasma samples --- environmental water matrices --- hydrophobic in-tube solid-phase microextraction --- liquid–liquid extraction

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