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The chapters in this contributed volume showcase current theoretical approaches in the modeling of ocular fluid dynamics in health and disease. By including chapters written by experts from a variety of fields, this volume will help foster a genuinely collaborative spirit between clinical and research scientists. It vividly illustrates the advantages of clinical and experimental methods, data-driven modeling, and physically-based modeling, while also detailing the limitations of each approach. Blood, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, tear film, and cerebrospinal fluid each have a section dedicated to their anatomy and physiology, pathological conditions, imaging techniques, and mathematical modeling. Because each fluid receives a thorough analysis from experts in their respective fields, this volume stands out among the existing ophthalmology literature. Ocular Fluid Dynamics is ideal for current and future graduate students in applied mathematics and ophthalmology who wish to explore the field by investigating open questions, experimental technologies, and mathematical models. It will also be a valuable resource for researchers in mathematics, engineering, physics, computer science, chemistry, ophthalmology, and more.

Eye --- Physiology. --- Mathematical models. --- Biomathematics. --- Computer mathematics. --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics. --- Physiological, Cellular and Medical Topics. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Biology --- Models, Mathematical --- Simulation methods --- Soft condensed matter. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Soft and Granular Matter. --- Data processing. --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Condensed matter --- Complex fluids

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This book provides a comprehensive and clearly structured introduction to the broad field of transducers and artificial muscles based on electromechanically active polymers (EAP), the goal being to present basic concepts and established knowledge in an accessible form. Its tutorial style and structure make this book an easy-to-use reference guide for students, researchers and practitioners alike. Different sections cover all categories of EAP materials, with separate chapters addressing the fundamentals, materials, device configurations, models, and applications, as well as operative guidelines on how to get started in experimentation with electromechanically active polymers. The functional and structural properties of EAP transducers are described and explained, and their broad range of applications in optics, acoustics, haptics, fluidics, automotive systems, robotics, orthotics, medical tools, artificial organs and energy harvesting is illustrated. Prepared under the aegis of the ‘European Scientific Network for Artificial Muscles’, the book is the product of extensive collaborative efforts led by European researchers and involving respected experts from around the globe.

Materials science. --- Polymers. --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Mechatronics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Engineering --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials Science. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Materials Engineering. --- Materials. --- Electronic materials --- Optics --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Material science --- Materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Medicine --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Macromolecules --- Physical sciences --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Polymers  . --- Engineering—Materials. --- Soft condensed matter. --- Optical Materials. --- Soft and Granular Matter. --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Condensed matter --- Complex fluids

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This book presents the theory of soft matter to students at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. It provides a basic introduction to theoretical physics as applied to soft matter, explaining the concepts of symmetry, broken symmetry, and order parameters; phases and phase transitions; mean-field theory; and the mathematics of variational calculus and tensors. It is written in an informal, conversational style, which is accessible to students from a diverse range of backgrounds. The book begins with a simple “toy model” to demonstrate the physical significance of free energy. It then introduces two standard theories of phase transitions—the Ising model for ferromagnetism and van der Waals theory of gases and liquids—and uses them to illustrate principles of statistical mechanics. From those examples, it moves on to discuss order, disorder, and broken symmetry in many states of matter, and to explain the theoretical methods that are used to model the phenomena. It concludes with a chapter on liquid crystals, which brings together all of these physical and mathematical concepts. The book is accompanied by a set of “interactive figures,” which allow online readers to change parameters and see what happens to a graph, some allow users to rotate a plot or other graphics in 3D, and some do both. These interactive figures help students to develop their intuition for the physical meaning of equations. This book will prepare advanced undergraduate or early graduate students to go into more advanced theoretical studies. It will also equip students going into experimental soft matter science to be fully conversant with the theoretical aspects and have effective collaborations with theorists.

Soft condensed matter. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Condensed matter --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Complex fluids --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Chemistry --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Math. Applications in Chemistry. --- Mathematics. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemometrics. --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Mathematics --- Measurement --- Statistical methods

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This open access book introduces the science of the new materials, soft crystals, by showing various interesting examples. Different from conventional hard and stable crystals, the soft crystals respond to gentle stimuli such as vapor exposure and rubbing but maintain their structural order. In this book, their exhibition of remarkable visual changes in their shape, color, and luminescence is described. Through the chapters, historical background, recent remarkable developments, and future prospects are described concisely. This book helps readers to understand a new concept of materials that have the characteristics of stimulus-sensitive soft matter and finely controlled crystals and to design novel materials with the characteristics. The English translation of this book from its Japanese language original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The text has subsequently been revised further by a professional copy editor in order to refine the work stylistically.

Solid state chemistry. --- Soft condensed matter. --- Condensed matter. --- Crystallography. --- Materials science—Data processing. --- Electronic structure. --- Quantum chemistry—Computer programs. --- Solid-State Chemistry. --- Soft Materials. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Electronic Structure Calculations. --- Structure, Electronic --- Atomic structure --- Energy-band theory of solids --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Condensed matter --- Complex fluids --- Chemistry, Solid state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Crystals.

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This handbook provides an introduction to and reference information about the science behind the production and use of particulate fillers in polymer applications. Fillers play an important role and are used with practically all types of polymers: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers. Readers will find an introduction to the topic of particulate fillers for polymer applications and their importance. The first chapters describe the use and characteristics of fillers in different polymer types, such as thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers. The following chapters compile and summarize comprehensive information about different filler materials which find application nowadays, including mineral fillers (for example feldspars, wollastonites, and many more) and inorganic fillers (barium sulphate, or clays), bio-fillers, recycled and sustainable fillers, and fillers for specific applications (for example flame-retardant fillers, fillers for electrically conductive applications, or thermally conductive additives). Offering key information, compiled by a mixed team of authors from academia and industry, this handbook will appeal to researchers and professionals working on and with particulate polymer fillers alike.

Chemistry. --- Polymers. --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Engineering --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Materials Engineering. --- Materials. --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Materials --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Building materials --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Macromolecules --- Physical sciences --- Polymers  . --- Engineering—Materials. --- Fillers (Materials) --- Ceramic materials. --- Soft condensed matter. --- Soft and Granular Matter. --- Ceramic industries --- Mines and mineral resources --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Condensed matter --- Complex fluids