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Naturalism. --- Skepticism. --- Scepticisme --- Naturalisme (philosophie)
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Sociology --- Multidisciplinary collective works --- scepticisme --- General ethics
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Comment les modernes ont-ils été amenés à considérer sous un nouveau jour le problème de la certitude et de la connaissance ? L’étude proposé ici vise à mettre en évidence le rôle joué par la renaissance du scepticisme et à montrer comment et par quels détours le “phénomène” du scepticisme pyrrhonien a été transformé en l’“apparence” des modernes. Dans cette histoire, les sceptiques déclarés n’ont pas seuls opéré ce travail de reprise et de transformation : une part décisive revient aussi aux adversaires du scepticisme (Campanella, Mersenne, Descartes, mais aussi Hobbes). Le renouveau sceptique ne tire pas son importance de sa seule dimension critique ; par ses objections, il a joué un rôle majeur dans la réforme moderne de la “philosophie première”. Faire de la connaissance un rapport entre le monde interne de la représentation et le monde extérieur des choses, a évidemment une origine sceptique. Mais cette conception a son histoire complexe et multiforme. Elle passe notamment par la dissolution de la doctrine aristotélicienne des species (Sanches et Campanella), par la reprise de la conception du phénomène tirée de Sextus (Montaigne et La Mothe Le Vayer), par une réflexion sur les effets destructeurs du scepticisme libertin (Descartes), mais aussi par la conjonction du relativisme de Montaigne et des résultats de la nouvelle science (Hobbes). Ainsi, en rouvrant le dossier sceptique, Bayle peut entreprendre sa critique des présupposés de la philosophie première en débat à la fin du xviie siècle. Pour montrer comment le scepticisme a pu modeler ainsi la réflexion philosophique de l’âge classique, il était nécessaire d’étudier en profondeur une série d’auteurs majeurs, plutôt que de se livrer à un panorama historique général.
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Scepticisme --- Pseudowetenschappen --- Scepticisme. --- Pseudowetenschappen. --- Encyclopedias --- woordenboek skepticisme --- misleiding --- waanideeën --- kritisch denken
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Popkin's work has generated innumerable citations and remains a valuable stimulus to current historical research. In this updated version, he has revised and expanded throughout, and has added three new chapters, one on Savonarola, one on Henry More and Ralph Cudworth, and one on Pascal. This is an authoritative treatment of the theme of scepticism and its historical impact.
Skepticism --- Scepticisme. --- Scepticisme --- Skeptizismus. --- History. --- Histoire. --- Geschichte (1500-1700). --- Histoire --- Skepticism. --- Skepticism - History. --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- History --- SCEPTICISME --- HISTOIRE --- 16E-18E SIECLES
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Ongeloof --- Sceptici (Griekse filosofie) --- Scepticism --- Scepticisme --- Scepticisme (Griekse filosofie) --- Scepticisme (Philosophie grecque) --- Sceptiques (Philosophie grecque) --- Skepticism --- Skeptics (Greek philosophy) --- Unbelief --- Appearance (Philosophy) --- Apparence (Philosophie) --- --Pyrrhon d'Élis, --- Philosophie --- --Pyrrhonisme --- --Pyrrhon, --- Pyrrhon of Elis --- Pyrrhon, --- Pirron, --- Pirrone, --- Pyrrho, --- Pyrrōn, --- Scepticisme. --- Logic --- Time --- Scepticisme (philosophie grecque) --- Logique --- Temps (philosophie) --- Apparence (philosophie) --- Philosophy. --- Pyrrhon --- Pyrrhonisme --- Pyrrhon, - of Elis --- Pyrrhon d'Élis, 365-275 av JC
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The history of skepticism usually ignores the Middle Ages. It is customary in most historical overviews to say that epistemological skepticism and external-world skepticism did not find its way into the Western philosophical tradition until Sextus Empiricus was rediscovered and retranslated into Latin in the Sixteenth century. It is the aim of this book to show that this is not true and that the history of skepticism must be rewritten. It is only once the rich discussions of both epistemological and external-world skepticism in the Middle Ages are included that the whole history of skepticism can be written, and only then can the development of modern thought be understood. This book begins this rewriting of the history of skepticism by tracing discussions of skepticism from Al-Ghazali to sixteenth century Paris. Contributors are Taneli Kukkonen, Martin Pickave, Claude Panaccio, David Piche, Christophe Grellard, Gyula Klima, Dominik Perler, Henrik Lagerlund, and Elizabeth Karger
Skepticism --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Scepticisme --- Philosophie médiévale --- History --- Histoire --- Philosophy, Medieval --- 211.5 --- 165.72 --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Agnosticisme. Scepticisme. Ongeloof. Vrijdenkers. Laïcisering --- Scepticisme. Nihilisme. Nominalisme. Als-of-filosofie --- 165.72 Scepticisme. Nihilisme. Nominalisme. Als-of-filosofie --- 211.5 Agnosticisme. Scepticisme. Ongeloof. Vrijdenkers. Laïcisering --- Philosophie médiévale --- Skepticism - History - To 1500 --- Skepticism - History - 16th century
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This book is concerned with the question of whether there is a philosopically satisfactory rebuttal of scepticism. The hope of providing such a rebuttal is seen as depending upon our achieving a clear conception of the sceptical argument and of the philosophical context in which it is constructed. Marie McGinn argues that the argument is unanswerable, and that the sceptical conclusion is both beyond belief and in outright conflict with ordinary practice. She suggests that this makes both scepticism and common sense philosophically unsatisfactory positions. "Sense and Certainty" aims to construct a non-dogmatic defence of common sense. It tries to show why the absence of justification for the judgements of common sense, which the sceptic reveals, does not invalidate them. In this, it takes issue with some of the most important work in this area.
Theory of knowledge --- 165.72 --- Skepticism --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Scepticisme. Nihilisme. Nominalisme. Als-of-filosofie --- 165.72 Scepticisme. Nihilisme. Nominalisme. Als-of-filosofie --- Skepticism. --- Scepticisme. --- Gewissheit. --- Skeptizismus.
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