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The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals is a collection of about 150 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of chemicals. They are a set of tools for professionals, used primarily in regulatory safety testing and subsequent chemical and chemical product notification, chemical registration and in chemical evaluation. They can also be used for the selection and ranking of candidate chemicals during the development of new chemicals and products and in toxicology research. This group of tests covers physical-chemical properties.

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The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals is a collection of about 150 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of chemicals. They are a set of tools for professionals, used primarily in regulatory safety testing and subsequent chemical and chemical product notification, chemical registration and in chemical evaluation. They can also be used for the selection and ranking of candidate chemicals during the development of new chemicals and products and in toxicology research. This group of tests covers other test guidelines.

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The purpose of the Dominant lethal (DL) test is to investigate whether chemical agents produce mutations resulting from chromosomal aberrations in germ cells. In addition, the dominant lethal test is relevant to assessing genotoxicity because, although they may vary among species, factors of in vivo metabolism, pharmacokinetics and DNA-repair processes are active and contribute to the response. Induction of a DL mutation after exposure to a test chemical indicates that the chemical has affected germinal tissue of the test animal. This modified version of the Test Guideline reflects more than thirty years of experience with this test and the potential for integrating or combining this test with other toxicity tests such as developmental, reproductive toxicity, or genotoxicity studies; however due to its limitations and the use of a large number of animals this assay is not intended for use as a primary method, but rather as a supplemental test method which can only be used when there is no alternative for regulatory requirements.

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This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via intradermical injection and/or epidermical application. In this Test Guideline, the methods preferred over other are: the Guinea Pig Maximisation Test (GPMT) of Magnusson and Kligman which uses adjuvant and the non adjuvant Buehler Test. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with guinea pig, but recently mouse models for assessing sensitisation potential have been developed. For the GPMT at least 10 animals in the treatment group and 5 in the control group are used. For the Buehler test, a minimum of 20 animals is used in the treatment group and at least 10 animals in the control group. The test animals are initially exposed to the test substance. Following a rest period, the induction period (10-14 days), during which an immune response may develop, then the animals are exposed to a challenge dose. The GPMT is made during approximately 23-25 days, the Buehler test, during approximately 30-32 days. The concentration of test substance used for each induction exposure should be well-tolerated systemically and should be the highest to cause mild-to moderate skin irritation, for the challenge exposure the highest nonirritant dose should be used. All skin reactions and any unusual findings should be observed and recorded (other procedures may be carried out to clarify doubtful reactions).

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Marketing blurb in French   La présente Ligne directrice pour les essais axée sur la performance (LDAP) décrit la méthodologie des essais in vitro de transactivation par transfection stable visant la détection des substances agonistes et antagonistes des récepteurs des œstrogènes (essais de TA ER). Elle comprend des méthodes d’essai structurellement et fonctionnellement similaires pour détecter les substances agonistes et antagonistes des récepteurs des œstrogènes, et devrait faciliter le développement de nouvelles méthodes similaires ou modifiées. La base de la présente LDAP est constituée de deux méthodes d’essai de référence de TA ER. Ces deux méthodes sont les suivantes: essai de TA par transfection stable (essai STTA) faisant appel à la lignée cellulaire hERα-HeLa-9903, dérivée d’une tumeur de col utérin d’origine humaine, et l’essai de TA ER BG1Luc faisant appel à la lignée cellulaire BG-1Luc-4E2, dérivée d’adénocarcinome ovarien d’origine humaine. Les lignées cellulaires utilisées dans ces essais expriment les récepteurs des œstrogènes et ont été transfectées de façon stable avec un gène rapporteur de la luciférase répondant aux ER. Ces essais servent à détecter les substances chimiques qui peuvent activer (activité agoniste) et aussi inhiber (activité antagoniste) la transcription régulée par les ER. Les ER sont activés après liaison du ligand au récepteur Le complexe récepteur-ligand se fixe ensuite à certains éléments de réponse de l’ADN et transactive ainsi le gène rapporteur, induisant une augmentation de l’expression cellulaire d’une enzyme marqueur (par exemple la luciférase dans les sytèmes faisant appel à la luciférase). L’enzyme transforme ensuite son substrat en produit bioluminescent mesurable quantitativement à l’aide d’un luminomètre. Les présentes méthodes sont proposées à des fins de dépistage et de priorisation, mais elles peuvent aussi livrer des informations sur les mécanismes d’action pouvant être utilisées dans le cadre d’une approche fondée sur le poids de la preuve.

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