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Police --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la police --- Administration --- Pouvoirs --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la police

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The legality principle characterizes all western legal systems, and it has become an integral part of the Western rule of law and the international human rights law. The principle dates back to enlightened jurists such as Cesare Beccaria and to social contract thinkers such as Charles de Secondat de Montesquieu, according to whom judges were to act only as the mouthpiece of the statutory law. Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach, the inventor of the famous maxim nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, developed these thoughts further. The emergence of the legality principle links closely to the teachings on the division of powers. The studies of this volume cover most of Europe from England, Italy and Spain to Sweden, Russia and England, and both the South and North American continents. In most parts of Europe, the nineteenth-century criminal law reforms form an integral part of the ›liberal‹ agenda. These changes took place, however, at different times in different parts of the Western world, and for slightly different reasons. Comparative legal history shows, furthermore, that the roots of the principle date much further back in history than the eighteenth century. Before the formulation of the legality principle, written statutes already played a significant role in the criminal law in many parts of the Western world. The articles of the volume, written by the foremost experts on comparative legal history, demonstrate that the attitudes and practices toward written statutes as sources of criminal law varied greatly from one region to another. In most parts of the European continent judicial arbitration was carefully defined in legal scholarship (Italy, France), whereas in some regions written law played an important role from early on (Sweden). Although the nineteenth century was fundamental in shaping the legality principle, in some countries its breakthrough remained even then far from complete (Russia, the United States).

Pouvoir discrétionnaire des juges --- Légalité --- Législation --- Droit pénal --- Criminal procedure --- Criminal law --- Histoire --- History --- Légalité. --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire des juges --- Légalité. --- Législation --- Droit pénal

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Whenever police officers come into contact with citizens there is a chance that the encounter will digress to one in which force is used on a suspect. Fortunately, most police activities do not involve the use of force. But those that do reflect important patterns of interaction between the officer and the citizen. This book examines those patterns. It begins with a brief survey of prior research, and then goes on to present data and findings. Among the data are the force factor applied - that is, the level of force used relative to suspect resistance - and data on the sequential order of incidents of force. The authors also examine police use of force from the suspect's perspective. In analyzing this data they put forward a conceptual framework, the Authority Maintenance Theory, for examining and assessing police use of force.

Arrest (Police methods) --- Restraint of prisoners --- Police brutality --- Police discretion --- Arrestation (Mesures policières) --- Prisonniers --- Brutalités policières --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la police --- Immobilisation --- Arrestation (Mesures policières) --- Brutalités policières --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la police --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Physical restraint of prisoners --- Prisoner restraint --- Prison discipline --- Arresting --- Police

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Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- United States --- Police discretion --- Law enforcement --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la police --- Lois --- Application --- 351.74 <41> --- -Police discretion --- -Discretion, Police --- Administrative discretion --- Enforcement of law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Politiediensten. Openbare orde. Ordediensten--algemeen--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- -Politiediensten. Openbare orde. Ordediensten--algemeen--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- 351.74 <41> Politiediensten. Openbare orde. Ordediensten--algemeen--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la police --- United States of America

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Administrative law --- Belgium --- Administratief recht --- Droit administratif --- Administrative discretion --- Judicial review of administrative acts --- Mistake (Administrative law) --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire (Administration) --- Contrôle juridictionnel de l'administration --- Erreur (Droit administratif) --- Erreur --- --Droit administratif --- --35.077 <493> --- 35.077 <44> --- 351.95 <493> --- Contentieux administratif Geschillen van bestuur --- Droit administratif Administratief recht --- Action administrative Administratieve actie --- droit administratif --- belgique --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 348.0 --- V6 - Droit administratif - Administratief recht --- Bestuurshandelingen. Administratieve besluitvormingsprocedure. Acten, arresten, besluiten, decreten, documenten, publicaties van overheidsinstellingen--België --- Bestuurshandelingen. Administratieve besluitvormingsprocedure. Acten, arresten, besluiten, decreten, documenten, publicaties van overheidsinstellingen--Frankrijk --- administratief recht --- belgie --- Administratief recht : Algemene werken en handboeken. --- 35.077 <493> --- 35.077 <44> Bestuurshandelingen. Administratieve besluitvormingsprocedure. Acten, arresten, besluiten, decreten, documenten, publicaties van overheidsinstellingen--Frankrijk --- 35.077 <493> Bestuurshandelingen. Administratieve besluitvormingsprocedure. Acten, arresten, besluiten, decreten, documenten, publicaties van overheidsinstellingen--België --- --Administratief recht --- Pouvoir discrétionnaire (Administration) --- Contrôle juridictionnel de l'administration --- --Administrative law --- --Administrative discretion --- Administratief recht : Algemene werken en handboeken