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Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authorita

Atmospheric chemistry. --- Chimie de l'atmosphère --- Chimie de l'atmosphère --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Environmental chemistry. --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- Benzenoid hydrocarbons --- PAHs (Chemicals) --- Polyarenes --- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Polycyclic aromatic compounds --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Chemistry --- Ecology --- Atmospheric science --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Environmental aspects.

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This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Benzenoid hydrocarbons --- PAHs (Chemicals) --- Polyarenes --- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Polycyclic aromatic compounds --- Toxicology. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Composition --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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In recent decades, the environmental impact of organic pollutants, especially persistent and emerging organic pollutants, has attracted widespread attention, and related research has been rapidly developed. Organic pollutants represent a popular topic of research in the environmental field. Large amounts of organic pollutants, which are widely distributed in air, water, sediment, soil, and other environmental media, are created via industrial production and other human activities. A series of research projects have been carried out regarding the development of analytical methods for organic pollutants, the distribution of environmental media, environmental concentration, environmental fate, the exploration of new pollutants, and the non-target analysis of organic pollutants.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- regulated e-waste recycling --- polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) --- heavy metals --- environmental media --- vegetable --- risks --- cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) --- heart failure --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) --- trace elements --- serum --- polyhaloaromatic compounds --- chemiluminescence --- analytical method --- Fenton system --- hydroxyl radicals --- bisphenol analogues --- zebrafish --- joint toxicity --- gene expression --- online monitoring --- diagnosis --- PCDD/F --- incineration --- feedback control --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- reference materials (RMs) --- quality control (QC) --- water analysis --- resin --- adsorption --- pore size distribution --- chemical modification --- water treatment --- PCNs --- spatial distribution --- congener --- environmental risk --- sediment --- VOCs --- distribution --- risk assessment --- chemical industrial park --- phthalate --- dietary intake --- DEHP --- DBP --- DIBP --- bottled drink --- PFASs --- QSAR–ICE–SSD --- electroplating industry --- ecological risk assessment --- PAHs --- historical trends --- shallow lake --- economic parameters --- sources --- sediment core --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- HBCD --- EPS --- XPS --- POPs --- tetrabromobisphenol A --- Xenopus laevis --- brain development --- thyroid hormone --- biphasic concentration-response --- composting --- turning frequency --- ammonia oxidizing bacterial --- ammonia oxidizing archaeal --- N fractions --- ammonia emission --- screening assay --- thibz gene --- multiwell plate --- biomass combustion --- CHP plant --- renewable energies --- emission --- organic pollutants --- bisphenol analogs --- oxidative stress --- dechlorane plus --- maternal blood --- sequential samples --- variation --- correlation --- bisphenol A --- emissions --- polypropylene --- bottom sediments --- environmental monitoring --- Odra River estuary --- organotin compounds --- trueness --- verification

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In the last decade, issues related to pollution from microplastics in all environmental compartments and the associated health and environmental risks have been the focus of intense social, media, and political attention worldwide. The assessment, quantification, and study of the degradation processes of plastic debris in the ecosystem and its interaction with biota have been and are still the focus of intense multidisciplinary research. Plastic particles in the range from 1 to 5 mm and those in the sub-micrometer range are commonly denoted as microplastics and nanoplastics, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) are being recognized as nearly ubiquitous pollutants in water bodies, but their actual concentration, distribution, and effects on natural waters, sediments, and biota are still largely unknown. Contamination by microplastics of agricultural soil and other environmental areas is also becoming a matter of concern. Sampling, separation, detection, characterization and evaluating the degradation pathways of micro- and nano-plastic pollutants dispersed in the environment is a challenging and critical goal to understand their distribution, fate, and the related hazards for ecosystems. Given the interest in this topic, this Special Issue, entitled “Microplastics Degradation and Characterization”, is concerned with the latest developments in the study of microplastics.

Mathematics & science --- Chemistry --- Quantum & theoretical chemistry --- PEEK --- SIRM --- damage mechanisms --- GISAXS --- irradiation --- micro and nanoplastics --- freshwater --- sludge --- optical detection --- portable devices --- in situ detection --- microplastics --- marine sediment --- pet --- nylon 6 --- nylon 6,6 --- reversed-phase HPLC --- polyolefin --- polystyrene --- Pyr-GC/MS --- polymer degradation --- microparticles --- PLA --- PBS --- enzymes --- specificity --- thermal profile --- activation energy --- wastewater --- Raman spectroscopy --- laser speckle pattern --- transmittance --- sedimentation --- HDPE --- microbeads --- photocatalysis --- scavengers --- C,N-TiO2 --- remediation --- nanotechnology --- plastic pollution --- visible light photodegradation --- microplastic --- ratiometric detection --- no-wash fluorescent probe --- imaging --- one-pot reaction --- water remediation --- nanoplastic --- artificial ageing --- polyolefins --- polyethylene terephthalate --- microplastic fiber --- washing textile --- drying textile --- polyester yarn types --- microplastic extraction --- oil extraction --- density separation --- GC–MS --- mass spectrometry identification --- plastic polymers --- polyethylene --- terrestrial --- soil --- polymers --- geotechnics --- landfills --- geosynthetics --- GCL --- clay liner --- hydraulic conductivity --- plastics --- anthropogenic activities --- quantification --- marine --- multi-parametric platform --- bioplastics --- marine environment --- spectroscopy --- resin pellets --- nanoplastics --- microplastic detection and identification --- microplastic quantification --- food packaging --- particle release --- plastic consumption --- ecotoxicity assessment --- size influence --- concentration influence --- microplastic pellets --- weathering --- degradation --- Yellowness Index --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- persistent organic pollutants --- oxidative digestion --- Fenton’s reagent --- virgin --- aged --- SEM --- FTIR --- PAHs --- surface water --- chemical composition --- Ho Chi Minh City --- cement mortars --- municipal incinerated bottom ash --- PET pellets --- hydrogel --- potassium and sodium polyacrylate --- swelling --- physicochemical changes in the water --- polymeric nanoparticles --- Portugal --- resin --- pharmaceutical --- PVC --- paint --- wastewater treatment plant --- South China Sea --- pollution --- Py-GC/MS --- fragmentation and degradation --- mechanism