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The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today?truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.Key Features* Human Genomics and Genetics* Structure and Mechanism* Regulation of Expr

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System. --- Cytochromes --- Mixed Function Oxygenases --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Oxygenases --- Hemeproteins --- Oxidoreductases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Proteins --- Enzymes --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- CYP450 Family --- CYP450 Superfamily --- Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes --- Cytochrome P-450 Families --- Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase --- Cytochrome P-450 Oxygenase --- Cytochrome P-450 Superfamily --- Cytochrome P450 --- Cytochrome P450 Superfamily --- Cytochrome p450 Families --- P-450 Enzymes --- P450 Enzymes --- Cytochrome P-450 --- Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Monooxygenase --- Cytochrome P 450 --- Cytochrome P 450 Dependent Monooxygenase --- Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme System --- Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes --- Cytochrome P 450 Families --- Cytochrome P 450 Monooxygenase --- Cytochrome P 450 Oxygenase --- Cytochrome P 450 Superfamily --- Enzymes, Cytochrome P-450 --- Enzymes, P-450 --- Enzymes, P450 --- Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450 --- Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450-Dependent --- P 450 Enzymes --- P-450 Enzymes, Cytochrome --- Superfamily, CYP450 --- Superfamily, Cytochrome P-450 --- Superfamily, Cytochrome P450 --- Biocatalysts --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Dehydrogenase --- Oxidase --- Reductase --- Dehydrogenases --- Oxidases --- Reductases --- Heme Protein --- Heme Proteins --- Protein, Heme --- Proteins, Heme --- Coenzymes and Enzymes --- Mixed Function Oxidases --- Hydroxylases --- Monooxygenases --- Oxidases, Mixed Function --- Oxygenases, Mixed Function --- Cytochrome --- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme --- P-450 Enzyme --- P450 Enzyme --- Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme --- Enzyme, Cytochrome P-450 --- Enzyme, P-450 --- Enzyme, P450 --- P 450 Enzyme --- P-450 Enzyme, Cytochrome --- Biocatalyst --- Enzyme --- Protein --- Oxidoreductase --- Hemeprotein --- Oxygenase --- Hydroxylase --- Mixed Function Oxidase --- Mixed Function Oxygenase --- Monooxygenase --- Function Oxidase, Mixed --- Function Oxygenase, Mixed --- Oxidase, Mixed Function --- Oxygenase, Mixed Function --- Metalloenzymes --- Enzymology --- Cytochrome p-450 --- Microsomes --- Basic Sciences. Chemistry --- Cytochrome P-450. --- Biochemistry --- Proteins and Enzymes. --- analysis. --- Cytochromes.

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The past decades have seen major developments in the understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of cancer. Significant progress has been achieved regarding long-term survival for the patients of many cancers with the use of tamoxifen for treatment of breast cancer, treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia with imatinib, and the success of biological drugs. The transition from cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted cancer drug discovery and development has resulted in an increasing selection of tools available to oncologists. In this Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the discovery and design of innovative cancer therapies, novel small-molecule cancer drugs and antibody–drug conjugates, with articles covering a variety of anticancer therapies and potential relevant disease states and applications. Significant efforts are being made to develop and improve cancer treatments and to translate basic research findings into clinical use, resulting in improvements in survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients. We demonstrate the possibilities and scope for future research in these areas and also highlight the challenges faced by scientists in the area of anticancer drug development leading to improved targeted treatments and better survival rates for cancer patients.

graphene oxide --- indole --- androgens --- cyclooxygenase-2 --- cyclooxygenase-1 --- heteropolysaccharide --- drug conjugation --- drug delivery --- ellipticine --- chemical linker --- oesophageal cancer --- antiproliferative activity --- topoisomerase II --- ?-lactam --- DSD --- antibody --- topoisomerase inhibitors --- magnetic targeting --- cisplatin resistance --- steroidogenesis --- [18F]FDG PET/CT --- heterocyclic chemistry --- dehydroepiandrosterone --- antimitotic --- 3-vinylazetidin-2-ones --- glioblastoma --- and cancer therapy --- intestinal mucositis --- Combretastatin A-4 --- metabolism --- anti-cancer drugs --- maghemite --- COX-1 inhibitor --- anticancer --- CYP17A1 --- conjugate and hybrid drugs --- inflammation --- snticancer drugs --- P450c17 --- tumorigenesis --- cisplatin --- biomarker profiling --- cancer drug design --- tubulin --- cytochrome P450 --- 5-fluorouracil --- prostate cancer --- abiraterone --- NCI screen --- radiation --- cancer immunotherapy --- microtubule targeted drugs --- cancer --- treatment resistance

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The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a thorough and up-to-date presentation of research investigating the impact of coffee and/or caffeine intake on various health outcomes. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics: Human clinical trials of coffee or caffeine use in relation to disease or intermediate phenotypes. Epidemiological studies of habitual coffee or caffeine intake in relation to human health, among the general public, as well as, among special populations (i.e., children, pregnant women, diabetics, cancer patients, hypertensives, etc.). Mechanisms of action of nutrients and other bioactive components of coffee/caffeine. Studies integrating genetic or physiological markers of coffee/caffeine intake to investigations of coffee and health.

coronary artery disease --- n/a --- lipids --- NADH dehydrogenase --- tea --- tinnitus --- safety --- transcriptomics --- ergogenic --- guidelines --- myocardial perfusion --- placebo --- Caffeine --- risk factors --- lysophosphatidylcholine --- pregnancy --- assisted reproduction techniques --- population --- adenosine --- liver fibrosis --- coffee consumption --- cognitive --- causation --- supplement --- mate --- adult --- gene expression --- wine --- lipidomics --- chocolate --- exercise --- protection --- Suicide --- dipyridamole --- regadenoson --- live birth --- hearing --- pharmacological ergogenic aid --- behavior --- cardiovascular disease --- gene-diet interaction --- whole-blood --- sex --- health --- systematic review --- causality --- genetic epidemiology --- implantation --- pharmacogenomics --- cognitions --- ergogenic aid --- time trial performance --- CYP1A2 --- aging --- phenolic --- country --- caffeine intake --- serum chloride levels --- polymorphism --- responders --- intoxication --- trial --- epidemiological methods --- bias --- adenosine receptor --- longevity --- did not respond --- energy drinks --- biomarkers --- individual responses --- Mendelian Randomization --- public policy --- anxiety --- the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort (NOWAC) --- ADORA2A --- clinical pregnancy --- caffeine metabolism --- caffeine intoxication --- cohort study --- mood --- mRNA --- alcohol consumption --- epidemiology --- caffeine --- expectancy --- accidental death --- European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition --- cognition --- consumption --- HIV-HCV co-infection --- cytochrome P450 --- chlorogenic acids --- soda --- 24-h dietary recall --- coffee --- depression --- sport --- age

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The use of biocatalysts, including enzymes and metabolically engineered cells, has attracted a great deal of attention in the chemical and bio-industry, because biocatalytic reactions can be conducted under environmentally-benign conditions and in more sustainable ways. The catalytic efficiency and chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity of enzymes can be enhanced and modulated using protein engineering. Metabolic engineering seeks to enhance cellular biosynthetic productivity of target metabolites via controlling and redesigning metabolic pathways using multi-omics analysis, genome-scale modeling, metabolic flux control, and reconstruction of novel pathways. The aim of this book is to cover the recent advances in biocatalysis and metabolic engineering for biomanufacturing of biofuels, chemicals, biomaterials, and pharmaceuticals. Reviews and original research articles on the development of new strategies to improve the catalytic efficiency of enzymes, biosynthetic capability of cell factories, and their applications in production of various bioproducts and chemicals are included.

n/a --- fluorescein diacetate --- Methylosinus sporium strain 5 --- soluble methane monooxygenase --- tunable expression system --- FTIR spectroscopy --- mevalonate kinase 1 --- poly(ethylene glycol) --- tetraethylene glycol --- review --- mevalonate (MVA) --- biofilm --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- polymer functionalization --- microbial production --- microbial cell factory --- bio-hydrogen --- redox enzymes --- specific recognition --- fed-batch fermentation --- monoterpene --- Vitreoscilla --- Pvgb --- bioreactor --- 3-hydroxypropionic acid --- cascade reactions --- synthetic biology --- aerobic methane bioconversion --- starch hydrolysis --- CYP153A --- MEP pathway --- cross-linked enzyme aggregate --- interfacial activation --- expression vectors --- Combi-CLEAs --- polyethyleneimine --- bovine serum albumin --- polyurethane foam --- 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid --- MEV pathway --- amyloglucosidase --- total enzymatic activity --- Nylon 12 --- biocatalytic reaction --- Myceliophthora --- whole-cell biotransformation --- magnetic nanoparticles --- lipase immobilization --- Methanosarcina mazei --- biocatalysis --- acetate --- vgb --- C–H activation --- artificial self-sufficient P450 --- whole cell --- bioplastics --- Corynebacterium glutamicum --- chemicals addition --- enzyme modulation --- Eversa --- enzyme stabilization --- biocatalysts --- prokaryotic microbial factory --- synthetic metabolic pathways --- mannose --- immobilization --- (?)-?-bisabolol --- hydrogenase --- O2 activation --- string film reactor --- fatty acid synthesis --- ?-aminododecanoic acid --- transesterification --- mass transfer performance --- dodecanoic acid --- metabolic engineering --- glyoxal oxidase --- small molecules --- Candida antarctica Lipase B --- C-H activation

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of subsequent chronic kidney disease. Although the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function is urgently needed. The Special Issue covers research articles that investigated the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and injury during different renal pathologies, renal regeneration, diagnostics using new biomarkers, and the effects of different stimuli like medication or bacterial components on isolated renal cells or in vivo models. The Special Issue contains important reviews that consider the current knowledge of cell death and regeneration, inflammation, and the molecular mechanisms of kidney diseases. In addition, the potential of cell-based therapy approaches that use mesenchymal stromal/stem cells or their derivates is summarized. This edition is complemented by reviews that deal with the current data situation on other specific topics like diabetes and diabetic nephropathy or new therapeutic targets.

microRNAs --- n/a --- transcription --- ischemia/reperfusion injury --- DSS-colitis --- kidney inflammation --- therapeutics targets --- CXCL13 --- glomerulus --- interleukin-6 --- rhabdomyolysis --- IgA nephropathy --- CREB Regulated Transcriptional Coactivators (CRTC) --- slit diaphragm --- injury --- xanthine oxidase --- Salt Inducible Kinase (SIK) --- acute and chronic kidney disease --- therapeutic target --- KIT-IgA score --- G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) --- lysophosphatidic acid --- glomerular injury --- IL-18 --- mesenchymal stem cells --- Taiwan --- acute kidney injury --- renal ischemia-reperfusion --- long non-coding RNA --- fibrosis --- acute kidney failure --- diabetic kidney diseases --- chronic kidney disease --- lncRNA --- LPS-binding protein --- endotoxemia-induced oliguric kidney injury --- dapagliflozin --- cPLA2 and COX-2 --- NLRP3 inflammasome --- CmklR1 --- haem --- chronic kidney injury --- omega-3 fatty acid --- noninvasive --- inflammation --- regulated necrosis --- GLP-1 receptor agonists --- miRNA --- AKI --- SGLT2 inhibitors --- diabetic kidney disease --- extracellular vesicles --- podocin --- type IV collagen --- epithelial cells --- nephrin --- 2-kidney-1-clip --- renal fibrosis --- papilla --- diagnostics --- necrosis --- non-coding RNAs --- podocyte --- Thy1.1 nephritis --- KIT assay --- oxidative stress --- conditioned medium --- C-reactive protein --- pericyte --- myofibroblast --- Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) --- endotoxemia --- modifier gene --- polymorphism --- renal stem cells --- kidney --- polyploidization --- Class IIa Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) --- 2k1c --- molecular signaling --- proximal tubule --- arachidonic acid --- empagliflozin --- tubular injury --- signaling cascade --- signal transduction --- inflammatory maker --- niches --- biomarkers --- renal progenitors --- type V collagen --- cyclooxygenase --- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis --- inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- allograft rejection --- renovascular hypertension --- genotype --- molecular mechanisms --- ROS --- prediction --- glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) --- alport syndrome --- scattered tubular cells --- long non-coding RNAs --- renal inflammation --- lysophosphatidic acid receptor --- cAMP Regulatory Element Binding Protein (CREB) --- Farnesiferol B --- differentiation --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- modified-MSCs --- kidney transplantation --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- apoptosis --- type I collagen --- diabetes mellitus --- natural products --- lipoxygenase --- stem cell --- T cell-mediated rejection --- exosomes --- renal injury --- obese kidney fibrosis --- kidney injury --- cytotoxicity --- mesenchymal stem cell --- pigment nephropathy --- mesodermal stem cell --- ischemia-reperfusion --- cytochrome P450 --- renal cell carcinoma --- hematuria --- B-cell attracting chemokine --- microRNA --- chemerin --- glomerular basement membrane --- glomerular damage --- renal tubular cells --- kidney proximal tubule --- exosome --- hypertension --- diabetic nephropathy