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Oriental languages --- Dialects.

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African languages --- Langues africaines --- Phonology. --- Phonologie --- Oriental languages --- Phonology --- -Oriental languages --- -Languages, Oriental --- -Phonology --- Languages, Oriental --- Oriental languages - Phonology --- African languages - Phonology

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Oriental languages --- Portuguese language --- Etymology. --- Foreign words and phrases --- Portuguese.

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This book presents new perspectives on the study of Aspect and Modality in Chinese Historical Linguistics. Based on the international Workshop on Aspect and Modality in Chinese, the book includes the latest research findings in the field to make them available not only to specialists in Classical and Buddhist Chinese, but also to researchers and students of general linguistics and of the universals of language. It also discusses different aspects of the AM (Aspect-Modality) and the TAM (Tense-Aspect-Modality) system of Chinese. It provides a comprehensive overview of both of the universally related systems of aspect and modality. The first part of the book focuses on aspectual features of Chinese; these include basic studies on the syntactic representation of the aspectual structure of the verb phrase in Archaic Chinese, the aspectual function of different object constructions and their development, temporal features of the verb phrase, and the aspectual functions of no minalization processes. The second part includes articles highlighting different aspects of the modal system or the interplay between tense, aspect and modality in Chinese, including a survey on the history of studies on modality in Chinese and the modal and temporal aspectual/markers indicating future meanings, a specialized study on modal deontic verbs in the Buddhist Vinaya texts, the modal function of rhetorical questions in Buddhist Chinese, and a study on the diachronic development of the aspectual and modal system in Chinese.

Chinese language. --- Linguistics. --- Oriental languages. --- Chinese. --- Historical Linguistics. --- Oriental Languages. --- Languages, Oriental --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Sino-Tibetan languages

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The volume consists of six parts devoted to literature, languages, history, culture, science, religions and philosophy of the Eastern World. Its aim is to portray the present-day state of oriental studies, which are here understood predominantly as philologies of Asia and Africa, but also as a field of study including other, adjacent disciplines of the humanities, not neglecting the history of oriental research. The book's multidisciplinary content reflects the multi- and often interdisciplinary nature of oriental studies today.

Part 1 (Literature) offers new insights into belles-lettres written in Arabic, Hindi, Turkish, Urdu, Persian and Japanese.

Part 2 (Linguistics) contains studies on Sanskrit texts (in a stylometric approach), Japanese nominals, Japanese poetry as a linguistic source, Arabic translations of the Bible, Arabic dialect of Morocco, Arabic culinary terms of Persian origin and Turkish vocabulary of the language reform era.

Part 3 (History) investigates Napoleon's campaign in the Middle East, Middle Eastern-Russian relations in the 18th century, the history of Seljuk Empire and the works of a Moroccan historian, ?a?far Ibn A?mad an-N???r? as-Salaw?.

Part 4 (History of Oriental Studies) deals with the history of oriental studies in Kraków and with the problems of a critical edition of the Quran.

Part 5 (Culture and Science) examines the artistic achievements of Egyptian moviemaker Y?suf Šah?n and possible influence of the Muslim science on medieval Polish scholars.

Part 6 (Religion and Philosophy) explores some philosophical concepts of the Confucian ethics and the contribution of Karma Bint Amad Al-Marwaziyya to preservation and transmission of some religious traditions of Islam.

Language and culture. --- Oriental languages. --- Languages, Oriental --- Culture and language --- Culture