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It is more than forty seven years ago that the Federation of black African students in France (FEANF) organised its first seminar in Paris on the relationship between black African literature and politics. The significance of the event came from the fact that literature served as a vehicle for unmasking traitors in Africa. This was also an opportunity for African students to define the role of literature in political struggles and to appreciate correctly and objectively the commitments of African writers in French. At no time was it a question of over emphasising the importance of this type of

Students, Black --- Politics and literature --- African literature (French) --- Black students --- Negro students --- Blacks --- Literature --- Literature and politics --- French literature --- Political activity --- History --- History and criticism --- Education --- Political aspects --- African authors --- Black people

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African American students --- School integration --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Students --- History --- Roberts, Terrence J. --- Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.) --- Little Rock Senior High School (Little Rock, Ark.) --- Little Rock (Ark.). --- Central High School, Little Rock, Ark. --- Little Rock Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.) --- History.

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Like many black school principals, Ulysses Byas, who served the Gainesville, Georgia, school system in the 1950's and 1960's, was reverently addressed by community members as ""Professor."" He kept copious notes and records throughout his career, documenting efforts to improve the education of blacks. Through conversations with Byas and access to his extensive archives on his principalship, Vanessa Siddle Walker finds that black principals were well positioned in the community to serve as conduits of ideas, knowledge, and tools to support black resistance to officially sanctioned regressive education

Discrimination in education --- Racism in education --- Segregation in education --- African American students --- Public schools --- African American school principals --- Educational discrimination --- Race discrimination in education --- Education --- Affirmative action programs in education --- School segregation --- Race relations in school management --- School integration --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Students --- Common schools --- Grammar schools --- School funds --- Secondary schools --- Schools --- Afro-American school principals --- Afro-American school superintendents and principals --- School principals, African American --- School principals --- Social conditions. --- Segregation --- Byas, Ulysses. --- Gainesville (Ga.) --- City of Gainesville (Ga.) --- History --- Race relations.

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"When the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Prince Edward County, Virginia, home to one of the five cases combined by the Court under Brown, abolished its public school system rather than integrate. Jill Titus situates the crisis in Prince Edward County within the seismic changes brought by Brown and Virginia's decision to resist desegregation. While school districts across the South temporarily closed a building here or there to block a specific desegregation order, only in Prince Edward did local authorities abandon public education entirely--and with every intention of permanence. When the public schools finally reopened after five years of struggle--under direct order of the Supreme Court--county authorities employed every weapon in their arsenal to ensure that the newly reopened system remained segregated, impoverished, and academically substandard. Intertwining educational and children's history with the history of the black freedom struggle, Titus draws on little-known archival sources and new interviews to reveal the ways that ordinary people, black and white, battled, and continue to battle, over the role of public education in the United States"--

School integration --- Educational equalization --- Public schools --- African American students --- Civil rights movements --- Brown, Oliver, --- Civil liberation movements --- Liberation movements (Civil rights) --- Protest movements (Civil rights) --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Common schools --- Grammar schools --- School funds --- Secondary schools --- Educational inequality --- Equal education --- Equal educational opportunity --- Equalization, Educational --- Desegregation in education --- Education --- Integration in education --- School desegregation --- Integration --- Brown, Oliver Leon, --- EDUCATION / History --- HISTORY / United States / State & Local / South (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV) --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / African American Studies --- Human rights movements --- Students --- Schools --- Affirmative action programs in education --- Magnet schools --- Race relations in school management --- Segregation in education --- Aims and objectives --- Educational equality --- Educational equity --- Equality of education --- Equity, Educational --- Inequality, Educational --- Opportunity, Equal educational

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African American students --- African Americans --- Discrimination in education --- Public schools --- School integration --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Students --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Educational discrimination --- Race discrimination in education --- Education --- Affirmative action programs in education --- Segregation in education --- Common schools --- Grammar schools --- School funds --- Secondary schools --- Schools --- Desegregation in education --- Integration in education --- School desegregation --- Magnet schools --- Race relations in school management --- Integration --- Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.) --- Little Rock Senior High School (Little Rock, Ark.) --- Little Rock (Ark.). --- Central High School, Little Rock, Ark. --- Little Rock Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.) --- Little Rock (Ark.) --- Горад Літл-Рок (Ark.) --- Horad Litl-Rok (Ark.) --- Літл-Рок (Ark.) --- Litl-Rok (Ark.) --- Литъл Рок (Ark.) --- Litŭl Rok (Ark.) --- Λιτλ Ροκ (Ark.) --- ליטל רוק (Ark.) --- Litlroka (Ark.) --- Litl Rokas (Ark.) --- リトルロック (Ark.) --- Ritorurokku (Ark.) --- ליטל ראק (Ark.) --- Litl Roks (Ark.) --- City of Little Rock (Ark.) --- Acropolis (Ark.) --- Anilco (Ark.) --- Arkopolis (Ark.) --- La Petit Roche (Ark.) --- Littlerock (Ark.) --- Old Channel (Ark.) --- Old Channel Little River (Ark.) --- Petit Roche (Ark.) --- Petit Rochelle (Ark.) --- Petit Rocher (Ark.) --- Race relations. --- Black people