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Le philosophe polonais Leszek Kolakowski (1927-2009), grand intellectuel européen du XXe siècle, est l'auteur d'une œuvre abondante et variée, relevant à la fois de l'histoire des idées, de l'histoire religieuse et de l'essai philosophique. Il fut aussi un écrivain drôle et spirituel, cultivant le goût du paradoxe, la mise en question sceptique de toutes les évidences établies, sans déboucher jamais sur un scepticisme absolu. Séduit dans sa jeunesse par le communisme, il ne tarda pas à s'en détacher et à analyser le marxisme de l'intérieur. Le stalinisme n'est pas un accident, il est inscrit en germe dans la folle et splendide ambition de Marx : faire retourner l'homme à son unité perdue. Ainsi redécouvre-t-on la signification d'un christianisme marqué par les thèmes de la perte de l'innocence et du clivage anthropologique, qui peut apprendre aux hommes à vivre dans l'imperfection irrémédiable de leur être, sans pour autant sombrer dans le désespoir.

Philosophy, Polish --- Philosophie polonaise --- Kolakowski, Leszek --- Kołakowski, Leszek --- Kołakowski, Leszek, --- Critique et interprétation --- Kołakowski, Leszek. --- Critique et interprétation.

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Kolakowski, Leszek --- Catholic Church --- Kołakowski, Leszek --- 1 KOLAKOWSKI, LESZEK --- #SBIB:321H60 --- Filosofie. Psychologie--KOLAKOWSKI, LESZEK --- Westerse politieke en sociale theorieën vanaf de 19e eeuw: socialisme, marxisme, communisme, anarchisme --- Kołakowski, Leszek. --- 1 KOLAKOWSKI, LESZEK Filosofie. Psychologie--KOLAKOWSKI, LESZEK --- Kolakowski, Leszek. --- Catholic Church.

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The collapse of Marxism as a compelling ideology and political force is one of the most important developments in the history of twentieth-century Europe. This book seeks to understand the failure of Marxism by viewing it up close, in the experiences of three important Marxist intellectuals—the Belgian Henri De Man, the German Max Horkheimer, and the Pole Leszek Kolakowski—each of whom embraced Marxism early in life and later decisively rejected it. The author focuses on the processes through which these three figures lost their faith in Marxism, thereby providing the framework for a more general account of modern ideological disenchantment. An introductory chapter surveys an earlier stage of that disenchantment by examining the appeal of Nietzsche and his concept of the superman to Marxist intellectuals in each of the major European socialist movements, focusing particularly on those who have lost confidence in the redemptive historical role of the proletariat. In studying the ideological trajectory of De Man, Horkheimer, and Kolakowski, the author identifies the common dilemmas they faced in their efforts to advance the Marxist cause. Those dilemmas arose in large part out of the clash between their bourgeois ethical sensibilities and the materialistic and deterministic outlook of orthodox Marxism. This clash provides a connecting link between the three generations of Marxist intellectuals dealt with in the study. The author also discusses the aftermath of these three versions of ideological disenchantment—the attempts of each of these intellectuals to reconstruct a view of the world following the dissolution of his Marxist faith. The book concludes by placing Marxism in a broad historical context, and raises questions about its place—and that of the utopian imagination in general—within Western civilization.

Communism and intellectuals --- #SBIB:321H60 --- Intellectuals and communism --- Intellectuals --- Westerse politieke en sociale theorieën vanaf de 19e eeuw: socialisme, marxisme, communisme, anarchisme --- Man, Hendrik de, --- Horkheimer, Max, --- Koakowski, Leszek. --- Horḳhaimer, M. --- הורקהיימר, מקס --- 霍克海默尔, --- Хоркхаймер, Макс, --- Khorkkhaĭmer, Maks, --- Man, Henri de, --- De Man, Hendrik, --- Man, Henry de, --- De Man, Henry, --- De Man, Henri, --- מאן, הענריק דע --- Kołakowski, Leszek. --- Kolakowski, Leszek. --- de Man, Hendrik. --- De Man, Henri --- De Man, Henry --- Man, Hendrik de --- Man, Henri de --- De Man, Hendrik --- Man, Henry de --- de Man, Hendrik

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Leszek Kolakowski delves into some of the most intellectually vigorous questions of our time in this remarkable collection of essays garnished with his characteristic wit. Ten of the essays have never appeared before in English. "Exemplary. . . . It should be celebrated." -Arthur C. Danto, New York Times Book Review "This book . . . express[es] Kolakowski's thought on God, man, reason, history, moral truth and original sin, prompted by observation of the dramatic struggle among Christianity, the Enlightenment and modern totalitarianism. It is a wonderful collection of topics." -Thomas Nagel, Times Literary Supplement "No better antidote to bumper-sticker thinking exists than this collection of 24 'appeals for moderation in consistency,' and never has such an antidote been needed more than it is now." -Joseph Coates, Chicago Tribune "Whether learned or humorous, these essays offer gems in prose of diamond hardness, precision, and brilliance." -Thomas D'Evelyn, The Christian Science Monitor A "Notable Books of the Year 1991" selection, New York Times Book Review-a "Noted with Pleasure" selection, New York Times Book Review-a "Summer Reading 1991" selection, New York Times Book Review-a "Books of the Year" selection, The Times.

Civilization, Modern --- Philosophy, Modern --- Civilization --- Civilisation --- Philosophie --- Philosophy. --- 130.2 "19" --- -Civilization, Modern --- -Philosophy, Modern --- -Modern philosophy --- Modern civilization --- Modernity --- Renaissance --- Barbarism --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie--20e eeuw. Periode 1900-1999 --- Philosophy --- History --- -Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie--20e eeuw. Periode 1900-1999 --- 130.2 "19" Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie--20e eeuw. Periode 1900-1999 --- -Modern civilization --- Modern philosophy --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Twentieth century --- Philosophy and civilization --- Kolakowski, Leszek --- Civilisation - 20e siècle --- Philosophie - 20e siecle --- Civilisation - Philosophie --- Civilization, Modern - 20th century --- Philosophy, Modern - 20th century --- Civilization - Philosophy --- modernity, intellectuals, barbarians, universalism, kant, exile, sacred, secularism, christianity, faith, revelation, philosophy, nonfiction, fabula mundi, marxism, human rights, revolution, truth, god, divinity, irrationality, politics, ideology, tolerance, democracy, pluralism, utopia, social change, autonomy, culture, national identity.