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Islam emerged amid flourishing Christian and Jewish cultures, yet students of Antiquity and the Middle Ages mostly ignore it. Despite intensive study of late Antiquity over the last fifty years, even generous definitions of this period have reached only the eighth century, whereas Islam did not mature sufficiently to compare with Christianity or rabbinic Judaism until the tenth century. Before and After Muhammad suggests a new way of thinking about the historical relationship between the scriptural monotheisms, integrating Islam into European and West Asian history. Garth Fowden identifies the whole of the First Millennium--from Augustus and Christ to the formation of a recognizably Islamic worldview by the time of the philosopher Avicenna--as the proper chronological unit of analysis for understanding the emergence and maturation of the three monotheistic faiths across Eurasia. Fowden proposes not just a chronological expansion of late Antiquity but also an eastward shift in the geographical frame to embrace Iran. In Before and After Muhammad, Fowden looks at Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alongside other important developments in Greek philosophy and Roman law, to reveal how the First Millennium was bound together by diverse exegetical traditions that nurtured communities and often stimulated each other.

Civilization, Ancient. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Frühmittelalter. --- Islam. --- Islamic civilization. --- Monotheism --- Periodisierung. --- Religion and civilization --- Spätantike. --- History --- Eurasia --- History. --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Ancient --- Islamic civilization --- Civilisation médiévale --- Civilisation ancienne --- Religion et civilisation --- Civilisation islamique --- Islamic influences --- Influence islamique --- Religions. --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Comparative religion --- Denominations, Religious --- Religion, Comparative --- Religions, Comparative --- Religious denominations --- World religions --- Civilization --- Gods --- Religion --- Abbasids. --- Achaemenids. --- Alois Riegl. --- America. --- Aristotelianism. --- Aristotle. --- Asia. --- Baghdad. --- Basra. --- Brethren of Purity. --- Christian Bible. --- Christian Rome. --- Christianity. --- East Rome. --- Edward Gibbon. --- Eurasia. --- Eurasian Hinge. --- Europe. --- First Millennium. --- Greece. --- Greek philosophy. --- Henri Pirenne. --- Ibn Sīnā. --- Iran. --- Josef Strzygowski. --- Judaism. --- Justinianic code. --- Latin Europe. --- Manicheism. --- Mazdaism. --- Mediterranean. --- Mountain Arena. --- Muhammad. --- North America. --- Peter Brown. --- Pisa. --- Qur'āan. --- Roman law. --- Tūs. --- Umayyads. --- archaeology. --- architectural history. --- art. --- commonwealths. --- empires. --- exegesis. --- late Antiquity. --- late antique studies. --- monotheism. --- patristic Christianity. --- philosophy. --- rabbinic Judaism. --- salvation. --- translation. --- To 1500 --- Asia --- Europe

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An engaging and illuminating exploration of grief--and why, despite its intense pain, it can also help us grow. Experiencing grief at the death of a person we love or who matters to us--as universal as it is painful--is central to the human condition. Surprisingly, however, philosophers have rarely examined grief in any depth. In Grief, Michael Cholbi presents a groundbreaking philosophical exploration of this complex emotional event, offering valuable new insights about what grief is, whom we grieve, and how grief can ultimately lead us to a richer self-understanding and a fuller realization of our humanity. Drawing on psychology, social science, and literature as well as philosophy, Cholbi explains that we grieve for the loss of those in whom our identities are invested, including people we don't know personally but cherish anyway, such as public figures. Their deaths not only deprive us of worthwhile experiences; they also disrupt our commitments and values. Yet grief is something we should embrace rather than avoid, an important part of a good and meaningful life. The key to understanding this paradox, Cholbi says, is that grief offers us a unique and powerful opportunity to grow in self-knowledge by fashioning a new identity. Although grief can be tumultuous and disorienting, it also reflects our distinctly human capacity to rationally adapt as the relationships we depend on evolve. An original account of how grieving works and why it is so important, Grief shows how the pain of this experience gives us a chance to deepen our relationships with others and ourselves. --

Grief --- Mourning --- Sorrow --- Bereavement --- Emotions --- Loss (Psychology) --- Philosophy. --- Acculturation. --- Addiction. --- Adult. --- Apathy. --- Biology. --- British literature. --- Business partner. --- Christianity. --- Clothing. --- Coincidence. --- Compatible Partners. --- Consideration. --- Conspicuous consumption. --- Cosmetics. --- David Bowie. --- Decision-making. --- Depiction. --- Desertion. --- Deviance (sociology). --- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. --- Disability. --- Distraction (game show). --- Dual process theory (moral psychology). --- Dwelling. --- Embarrassment. --- Existence. --- Expecting (Angel). --- Flourishing. --- Furniture. --- Good and evil. --- Grave. --- Grief counseling. --- Grief. --- Half-truth. --- Health. --- Hinge. --- Human behavior. --- Humility. --- Imprisonment. --- In Death. --- Indulgence. --- Institution. --- Instrumental value. --- Interaction. --- John Rawls. --- Joy Davidman. --- Juncture. --- Just society. --- Limbic system. --- Medical classification. --- Medical diagnosis. --- Mental breakdown. --- Mental health professional. --- Mental health. --- Michel Foucault. --- Morality. --- Mourner. --- Mourning. --- Narrative. --- Negative affectivity. --- Obstacle. --- Odor. --- Organic unity. --- Our Choice. --- Oxymoron. --- Pathology. --- Payment. --- Person A. --- Person. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy of artificial intelligence. --- Prediction. --- Predictive analytics. --- Promiscuity. --- Psychology. --- Quantity. --- Republic (Plato). --- Requirement. --- Resentment. --- Role. --- Sanity. --- Scrutiny (journal). --- Self-help. --- Self-interest. --- Self-love. --- Sibling. --- Single parent. --- Social skills. --- Space exploration. --- Suggestion. --- Technology. --- The Chronicles of Narnia. --- The Screwtape Letters. --- Theory of mind. --- Thomas Szasz. --- Time. --- Trait theory. --- Uncertainty. --- Understanding. --- Zhuangzi (book).