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Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of continuing public health concern worldwide, because total diet studies have shown that Cd is present in virtually all foodstuffs. Consequently, foods that are frequently consumed in large quantities, such as rice, potatoes, wheat, leafy salad vegetables, and other cereal crops, are the most significant dietary Cd sources. Moreover, Cd has chemical propensities that confer the potential to interfere with the physiological functions of calcium and zinc. Evidence of a wide range of diverse, toxic effects of Cd is increasingly apparent. In this collection, environmental Cd exposure is linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease that is known to be a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cd is also implicated in an early onset of menarche and deaths from cancer, especially in the uterus, kidney, and urinary tract. Moreover, Cd-induced kidney injury is replicated in Sprague Dawley rats, as is Cd-induced periodontal disease. Experimental studies suggest that the development of kidneys in fetuses and the function of insulin-producing cells may be adversely affected by Cd and that metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, is ineffective in Cd-intoxicated Wistar rats.

microRNAs --- n/a --- embryonic kidneys --- exposure assessment --- image analysis --- periodontal disease --- menopause --- nephrotoxicity --- urine protein --- mitochondrial morphology --- female --- alveolar bone --- population health --- glomerular filtration rate --- threshold limit --- biomarkers --- toxicity threshold limit --- osteotoxicity --- intrauterine exposure --- metabolic syndrome --- dietary cadmium --- periodontitis --- cadmium toxicity --- metabolic disruptor --- cadmium --- urine cadmium --- chronic kidney disease --- N-acetyl-?-d-glucosaminidase --- estimated glomerular filtration rate --- one health --- clinical kidney function measure --- ?2-microglobulin --- cause of death --- follow-up study --- menarche --- HIF-1 --- bioenergetics --- sub-lethal exposure --- metformin --- toxicological mechanism --- tubular dysfunction --- mitochondrial network --- environmental pollution --- mortality --- body burden indicator --- cancer --- hypertension

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This Special Issue Book, “Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, andTherapeutic Potential"" includes up-to-date information regarding bioactivepeptides isolated from marine organisms. Marine peptides have been found invarious phyla, and their numbers have grown in recent years. These peptidesare diverse in structure and possess broad-spectrum activities that have greatpotential for medical applications. Various marine peptides are evolutionaryancient molecular factors of innate immunity that play a key role in host defense.A plethora of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,anticancer, anticoagulant, endotoxin-binding, immune-modulating, etc., makemarine peptides an attractive molecular basis for drug design. This Special IssueBook presents new results in the isolation, structural elucidation, functionalcharacterization, and therapeutic potential evaluation of peptides found inmarine organisms. Chemical synthesis and biotechnological production of marinepeptides and their mimetics is also a focus of this Special Issue Book.

cone snail --- tilapia --- n/a --- animal models --- BRICHOS domain --- recombinant peptide --- calcium absorption --- plastein reaction --- antioxidant activity --- endothelial dysfunction --- C3a --- lung cancer --- invertebrate immunity --- identification --- zinc bioavailability --- NA-inhibitory peptide --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- review --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- intestinal absorption --- hairtail (Trichiurus japonicas) --- DU-145 cells --- peptide --- crustacean --- venom duct --- Kalloconus --- drug design --- molecular symmetry --- arenicin --- ?-helix --- APETx2 --- conotoxins --- functional diversity --- docking --- conotoxin --- neuraminidase --- angiotensin II --- polychaeta --- influenza virus --- phylogeny --- gene expression --- host defense peptide --- Perinereis aibuhitensis --- anti-diabetic activity --- conopeptides --- SHRs --- Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate (CPPH) --- metastasis --- Caco-2 cell monolayer --- Nrf2 --- caco-2 cells --- HUVEC --- PYP15 --- sea cucumber --- decapeptide --- cytotoxic --- arenicin-1 --- marine peptides --- cell proliferation --- Conus --- Conus ateralbus --- self-production of hydrogen peroxide --- antimicrobial activity --- molecular dynamics --- machine learning --- tachyplesins --- ion channels --- gut microbiota --- Anthopleura anjunae oligopeptide --- signaling pathways --- half-fin anchovy hydrolysates --- NF-?B --- Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate (CPPH-Ca) --- antihypertensive effect --- QAGLSPVR --- antimicrobial peptides --- vasculogenic mimicry --- antibacterial --- ?-hairpin --- innate immunity --- transcriptome sequencing --- HIF-1? --- Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis --- function --- ACE-inhibitory peptide --- complement --- peptide-zinc complex --- structure-activity relationship --- multi-functional peptides --- cod skin --- adsorption --- Maillard reaction products --- molecular docking --- antibacterial peptide --- PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway --- Arenicola marina --- structure–activity relationship --- antimicrobial peptide --- Rana-box --- acid-sensing ion channel --- Neptunea arthritica cumingii --- apoptosis --- membrane damage --- proteolytic system --- toxin --- polyphemusins --- computational studies --- muscle --- oyster zinc-binding peptide --- abalone --- pain relief --- transport routes --- cytotoxicity --- dexamethasone --- cell death --- host?microbe relationship --- anti-LPS factor --- MMPs --- protein synthesis --- structure --- Pyropia yezoensis peptide --- cone snails --- chemical synthesis --- prostate cancer --- Ugr 9-1 --- myotube atrophy