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This volume explores the earliest appearances and functions of the five major Egyptian goddesses Neith, Hathor, Nut, Isis and Nephthys. Although their importance endured throughout more than three millennia of ancient Egyptian history, their origins, earliest roles, and relationships in religion, myth, and cult have never before been studied together in detail.Showcasing the latest research with carefully chosen illustrations and a full bibliography, Susan Tower Hollis suggests that the origins of the goddesses derived primarily from their functions, as, shown by their first appearances in the text and art of the Protodynastic, Early Dynastic, and Old Kingdom periods of the late fourth and third millennia BCE. The roles of the goddess Bat are also explored where she is viewed both as an independent figure and in her specific connections to Hathor, including the background to their shared bovine iconography. Hollis provides evidence of the goddesses' close ties with royalty and, in the case of Neith, her special connections to early queens.Vital reading for all scholars of Egyptian religion and other ancient religions and mythology, this volume brings to light the earliest origins of these goddesses who would go on to play major parts in later narratives, myths, and mortuary cult.

Goddesses, Egyptian --- Egypt --- Civilization --- Egyptian goddesses

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Isis --- Europe --- Civilization --- Egyptian influences --- Déesses égyptiennes. --- Goddesses, Egyptian --- Isis (Egyptian deity) --- Isis, --- Déesses égyptiennes.

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Das Thema des Buches ist der Isiskult während der römischen Kaiserzeit, wie er in zahleichen Darstellungen der ägyptischen Göttin und solcher ihr angeglichener Frauen zum Ausdruck kommt. Während sich dadurch zum einen diese Frauen ganz allgemein als Dienerinnen der Isis zu erkennen geben, fällt zum anderen ein besonderes Licht auf die zur Angleichung ausgewählten Bilder der Göttin. Dabei handelt es sich, anders als bei den meisten bekannten Isistypen, um keine mythologisch erklärbaren Gottesbilder. Sie sind deshalb der Forschung ebenso rätselhaft geblieben wie die entsprechend angeglichenen und oftmals auch als Priesterinnen oder Mystinnen bezeichneten Frauen. Das Buch behandelt somit zwei Problemkreise, nämlich die Stellung jener Frauen im Kult sowie die damit verbundene Frage nach Sinn und Bedeutung der für die Angleichung verbindlichen Isisbilder. Das vorwiegend plastische Material ist in einem Katalog mit volständigem Abbildungsteil zusammengestellt. Auf dieser Basis bietet das Buch eine ikonographische und ikonologische Untersuchung des Themas. Die ausschliesslich in statuarischen Kopien überlieferten Isisbilder werden in angemessener Weise auf Originale hin rezensiert; die vorranging sepulkralen Darstellungen der Isisdienerinnen werden sowohl in quellenkritischer als auch archäologischer Hinsicht interpretiert. Daneben kommen auch religionsgeschichtliche Probleme zum Tragen. Ein längerer Exkurs am Ende des Buches ist der Frage nach der sozialen Stellung der Isisdienerinnen gewidmet.

Iconography --- Antiquity --- Sculpture, Roman --- Goddesses, Egyptian, in art --- Isis (Egyptian deity) --- Sculpture romaine --- Déesses égyptiennes dans l'art --- Isis (Divinité égyptienne) --- Themes, motives --- Art --- Thèmes, motifs --- Isis --- --Culte --- --Religions antiques --- --Rome ancienne --- --Sculpture, Roman --- -Sculpture, Roman --- -Roman sculpture --- -Art --- Déesses égyptiennes dans l'art --- Isis (Divinité égyptienne) --- Thèmes, motifs --- Roman sculpture --- Art. --- Goddesses, Egyptian, in art. --- Art, Daghestan --- Art, Occidental --- Art, Visual --- Art, Western (Western countries) --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Visual --- Fine arts --- Occidental art --- Visual arts --- Western art (Western countries) --- Arts --- Aesthetics --- Egyptian goddesses in art --- Themes, motives. --- Aset --- Eset --- Iset --- Ishisu --- İsida --- Iside --- Isidi --- Isiseu --- Izida --- Izid --- Īzīs --- Iziso --- Ízisz --- Izyda --- Yi xi si --- Izidė --- 伊西斯 --- イシス --- איזיס --- 이시스 --- Исида --- Изида --- Ісіда --- إيزيس --- Ἴσις --- Culte --- Religions antiques --- Rome ancienne --- Sculpture, Roman - Themes, motives --- Isis (Egyptian deity) - Art --- Art, Primitive

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In 1910 Ernesto Schiaparelli, along with the Italian Archaeological Mission on behalf of the Regio Museo di Antichità Egizie, excavated the area where, during the Eleventh Dynasty, King Nebhepetre Mentuhotep erected a chapel to the goddess Hathor at the site of Gebelein. Some of the blocks belonging to this chapel had already been moved to the Cairo Museum during the nineteenth century, and finds during Schiaparelli’s campaign were taken to the Egyptian Museum at Turin. In this work, Elisa Fiore Marochetti presents documents from these two museums and gives an architectonic and decorative reconstitution of an unknown monument. The mostly unpublished blocks and fragments, presented here as the General Catalogue of the Turin Museum, follow a general introduction to the geographical, religious, and historical setting of Gebelein and of the chapel before Mentuhotep’s reunification of the land. The dating of the chapel is formulated on the basis of the iconographical style of the reliefs and of the titulary borne by Mentuhotep. 'The publication therefore not only presents a valuable reference to the Egyptian antiquities housed in Turin’s Egyptian Museum. It also presents a valuable addition to literature on Egyptian temple decoration and development, royal iconography,kingship and the course of events on the verge of the Middle Kingdom.' Nico Staring, Macquarie University

Chapels --- Hathor (Egyptian deity) --- Mentuhotep --- Museo egizio di Torino --- Gebelein Site (Egypt) --- Relief (Sculpture), Ancient --- Monuments --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Ancient relief (Sculpture) --- Historical monuments --- Architecture --- Sculpture --- Historic sites --- Memorials --- Public sculpture --- Statues --- Athor (Egyptian deity) --- Athyr (Egyptian deity) --- Hathor the Great (Egyptian deity) --- Lady of the West (Egyptian deity) --- Goddesses, Egyptian --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Church architecture --- Church buildings --- Nebhepetra, --- Neb-ḥep-et-Rēʻ Mentu-ḥopte, --- Pathyris Site (Egypt) --- Egypt --- Antiquities --- Hathor --- Egyptian Museum (Turin, Italy) --- Turin. Museo egizio --- Museo egizio (Turin, Italy) --- Ägyptisches Museum (Turin, Italy) --- Museo delle antichità egizie (Turin, Italy) --- Museo delle antichità egizie di Torino --- Museo antichità egizie --- Lady of the West --- Lady of Turquoise --- Great One of Many Names --- Lady of Stars --- Mistress of Turquoise --- Great Menit --- Athyr --- Athor --- Hathor, --- Religious architecture