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Epilepsy --- Glutamic Acid. --- Glutamic acid --- Receptors, Glutamate. --- Synaptic Transmission. --- Chemotherapy. --- Molecular aspects. --- Receptors --- Effect of drugs on.

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Fungicides --- Glutamic acid --- Glutamine --- Mammals --- Phytopathogenic fungi --- Physiological effect. --- Metabolism. --- Physiology. --- Control. --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Plant and Crop Protection --- Chemical Control --- Fungicides, Bactericides.

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In the West, we have identified only four basic tastes-sour, sweet, salty, and bitter-that, through skillful combination and technique, create delicious foods. Yet in many parts of East Asia over the past century, an additional flavor has entered the culinary lexicon: umami, a fifth taste impression that is savory, complex, and wholly distinct.Combining culinary history with recent research into the chemistry, preparation, nutrition, and culture of food, Mouritsen and Styrbæk encapsulate what we know to date about the concept of umami, from ancient times to today. Umami can be found in soup stocks, meat dishes, air-dried ham, shellfish, aged cheeses, mushrooms, and ripe tomatoes, and it can enhance other taste substances to produce a transformative gustatory experience. Researchers have also discovered which substances in foodstuffs bring out umami, a breakthrough that allows any casual cook to prepare delicious and more nutritious meals with less fat, salt, and sugar. The implications of harnessing umami are both sensuous and social, enabling us to become more intimate with the subtleties of human taste while making better food choices for ourselves and our families. This volume, the product of an ongoing collaboration between a chef and a scientist, won the Danish national Mad+Medier-Prisen (Food and Media Award) in the category of academic food communication.

Umami (Taste) --- Flavor. --- Food --- Analysis of food --- Chemistry of food --- Food, Chemistry of --- Food chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Sanitary chemistry --- Tastes --- Sensory evaluation --- Taste --- Glutamic acid --- Analysis. --- Chemistry --- Composition --- Analysis

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Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. This book investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Neuropharmacology. --- Biochemical markers --- Drug development --- Nervous system --- Neuropharmacology --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Biological Markers --- Nervous System Diseases --- Investigative Techniques --- Nervous System --- Excitatory Amino Acids --- Pharmacology --- Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic --- Neurosciences --- Amino Acids, Acidic --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Anatomy --- Biological Factors --- Amino Acids --- Diseases --- Chemistry --- Health Occupations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Biomarkers, Pharmacological --- Drug Discovery --- Glutamic Acid --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Central Nervous System --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Medical Research --- Glutamic acid --- Central nervous system --- Pharmacokinetics. --- Diseases.

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Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors. Eight different mGlu subtypes have been identified and classified into three groups based on amino acid sequence similarity, agonist pharmacology, and the signal transduction pathways to which they couple. They perform a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, being involved in learning, memory, anxiety, and the perception of pain. They are found in pre- and postsynaptic neurons in synapses of the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex, as well as other parts of the brain and peripheral tissues. This volume comprises the latest contributions of experts in the field on the role of mGlu receptor in health and disease, following the 8th International meeting on these receptors.

Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Drug addiction. --- Cocaine. --- Glutamic acid --- Receptors --- Effect of drugs on. --- Glutamate --- Addiction to drugs --- Drug dependence --- Drug dependency --- Drug habit --- Narcotic addiction --- Narcotic habit --- Narcotics addiction --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Excitatory amino acids --- Umami (Taste) --- Local anesthetics --- Narcotics --- Tropanes --- Drug abuse