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'This is the book on the Calais garrison we have been waiting for'. COLIN RICHMOND. For over 200 years, following its capture by Edward III in 1347, the town of Calais was in English hands; after 1453 it remained the last English possession on the continent, a commercial, cultural, diplomatic and military frontier, until its recapture by the French in 1558. This book - the first full-length study so to do - examines the Calais garrison, the largest standing military force available to the English crown. Based on extensive archival research, it covers recruitment and service in the garrison, the problems of pay and logistics, the weaponry and tactics used, and the chivalric and professional ethos among the soldiers. It also investigates the effectiveness of English arms against their European counterparts, through a detailed study of the failed Burgundian siege of 1436 and the successful French siege of 1558. Overall, it reaffirms the importance of Calais to successive medieval and early modern English kings, and challenges the perceived notion that England lagged behind its northwest European rivals in terms of military technology and effectiveness. The Calais garrison is placed in the wider context of the development of European warfare in general during this period.' Dr DAVID GRUMMITT is Senior Research Fellow, History of Parliament Trust.

Garrisons, British --- Military bases, British --- History. --- Great Britain. --- Great Britain --- France --- History, Military --- British military bases --- British garrisons --- Angliǐskai︠a︡ Armii︠a︡ --- Tsava ha-Briṭi --- British Army --- בריטניה. --- צבא הבריטי --- England and Wales. --- Military life --- Calais (France) --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Calais --- History, Military. --- Military relations --- Grande-Bretagne --- Forces armées --- Histoire --- Histoire militaire --- 1485-1603 --- 1328-1589 --- Calais Garrison. --- David Grummitt. --- English Crown. --- European Warfare. --- Middle Ages. --- Military Force. --- Military History. --- Military Technology. --- Warfare.

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In the aftermath of Alexander the Great's conquests in the late fourth century B.C., Greek garrisons and settlements were established across Central Asia, through Bactria (modern-day Afghanistan) and into India. Over the next three hundred years, these settlements evolved into multiethnic, multilingual communities as much Greek as they were indigenous. To explore the lives and identities of the inhabitants of the Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms, Rachel Mairs marshals a variety of evidence, from archaeology, to coins, to documentary and historical texts. Looking particularly at the great city of Ai Khanoum, the only extensively excavated Hellenistic period urban site in Central Asia, Mairs explores how these ancient people lived, communicated, and understood themselves. Significant and original, The Hellenistic Far East will highlight Bactrian studies as an important part of our understanding of the ancient world.

Antiquities. --- Archäologie. --- Cities and towns, Ancient --- Cities and towns, Ancient. --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Excavations (Archaeology). --- Greeks --- Greeks. --- Group identity --- Group identity. --- Social archaeology --- Social archaeology. --- History. --- Afghanistan --- Asia --- Asia, Central --- Asia, Central. --- Ay Khānom (Afghanistan) --- Bactria --- Ferner Osten. --- Hellenobaktrisches Reich. --- Indogriechisches Reich. --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Garrisons --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Geography, Ancient --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Archaeology --- History --- Methodology --- Ay Khānom (Afghanistan) --- Aï Khanoum (Afghanistan) --- Ai Khanum (Afghanistan) --- Ay Khanum (Afghanistan) --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- Central Asia --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Languages --- ai khanoum. --- alexander the great. --- alexandria on the oxus. --- ancient history. --- ancient people. --- ancient world. --- antiquity. --- archaeology. --- bactria. --- central asia. --- coins. --- conquests of alexander the great. --- eucratidia. --- extensively excavated. --- graeco bactrian kingdoms. --- greece. --- greek empire. --- greek garrison. --- hellenistic period. --- india. --- indigenous peoples. --- indo greek kingdoms. --- late fourth century. --- modern day afghanistan. --- multi ethnic. --- multi lingual. --- urban site.