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Cet ouvrage collectif se propose d'interroger le processus de nationalisation des sociétés européennes dans le contexte de la guerre : est-ce le succès de cette nationalisation qui explique le succès de la mobilisation en 1914 ? Est-ce que la maximisation tant de fois décrites de l'État au cours de la guerre accélère cette nationalisation ? De fait, cette réflexion s'inscrit dans une socio-histoire de l'État qui, à la suite de Gérard Noiriel, s'intéresse davantage aux processus et aux acteurs qu'aux structures et aux règlements. C'est pourquoi, l'ouvrage se déploie en deux temps qui correspondent à deux cercles concentriques au sein desquels gravitent des acteurs différenciés. Le regard est d'abord porté au plus près du noyau dur de l'action étatique en interrogeant, d'une part, les modes de participation au conflit et d'autre part, le travail d'administration des populations civiles et militaires.

First World War

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This volume provides a comprehensive reinterpretation of the 1916 Central Asian Revolt - a key event in the history of Central Asia, the Russian Empire and the First World War.

Asia, Central --- History --- 1916. --- Central Asia. --- First World War. --- Kazakh. --- Kyrgyz. --- Russia. --- revolution.

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Drawing on a broad range of personal accounts, this is the first detailed study of siblinghood in wartime. The relative youth of the fighting men of the Great War intensified the emotional salience of sibling relationships. Long separations, trauma and bereavement tested sibling ties forged through shared childhoods, family practices, commitments and interests. We must not equate the absence of a verbal language of love with an absence of profound feelings. Quieter familial values of kindness, tolerance and unity, instilled by parents and reinforced by moral instruction, strengthened bonds between brothers and sisters. Examining the nexus of cultural and familial emotional norms, this study reveals the complex acts of mediation undertaken by siblings striving to reconcile conflicting obligations to society, the army and loved ones in families at home. Brothers enlisted and served together. Siblings witnessed departures and homecomings, shared family responsibilities, confided their anxieties and provided mutual support from a distance via letters and parcels. The strength soldier-brothers drew from each other came at an emotional cost to themselves and their comrades. The seismic casualties of the First World War proved a watershed moment in the culture of mourning and bereavement. Grief narratives reveal distinct patterns of mourning following the death of a loved sibling, suggesting a greater complexity to male grief than is often acknowledged. Surviving siblings acted as memory keepers, circumventing the anonymisation of the dead in public commemorations by restoring the particular war stories of their brothers.

Fiction / Historical / World War I --- First World War. --- brothers and sisters. --- emotions. --- family relationships. --- grief. --- masculinities. --- memory. --- siblings. --- soldiers. --- youth.

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For a long time now it has been common understanding that Africa played only a marginal role in the First World War. Its reduced theatre of operations appeared irrelevant to the strategic balance of the major powers. This volume is a contribution to the growing body of historical literature that explores the global and social history of the First World War. It questions the supposedly marginal role of Africa during the Great War with a special focus on Northeast Africa. In fact, between 1911 and 1924 a series of influential political and social upheavals took place in the vast expanse between Tripoli and Addis Ababa. The First World War was to profoundly change the local balance of power. This volume consists of fifteen chapters divided into three sections. The essays examine the social, political and operational course of the war and assess its consequences in a region straddling Africa and the Middle East. The relationship between local events and global processes is explored, together with the regional protagonists and their agency. Contrary to the myth still prevailing, the First World War did have both immediate and long-term effects on the region. This book highlights some of the significant aspects associated with it.

History --- Éthiopie --- Première Guerre mondiale --- Soudan --- Somaliland --- Zaghlûl --- Wafd Révolution égyptienne de 1919 --- nationalisme --- 1919 Revolution --- Egypt --- First World War --- nationalism --- Sudan --- Wafd

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Originally published in 1950. Hans Gatzke analyzes Germany's ambitions to expand westward during World War I. Germany's wartime plans for expansion to the west had important repercussions at home and abroad. Gatzke proceeds chronologically, starting with the German political parties' outlining of their war aims. Gatzke claims that a combination of interests, including those of industrialists, pan-Germans, the parties of the Right, and the Supreme Command was responsible for the stubborn propagation of Germany's large war aims, which condemned the German people to remain at war until the bitter end. Each of these forces had its own particular reasons for wanting to hold out for far-reaching territorial gains, yet one aim that most of them had in common was ensuring, through a successful peace settlement, the continuation of the existing order, to their own advantage and to the political and economic detriment of the majority of the German people.

Agricultural education. --- Student teaching. --- Practice teaching --- Professional laboratory experiences (Education) --- Teaching laboratories --- Practicums --- Teachers --- Teaching --- Education, Agricultural --- Technical education --- Training of --- First World War