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In the early decades of the nineteenth century, Buenos Aires underwent rapid economic growth, only dwarfed by the even greater prosperity that occurred there at the end of the century. Previous studies have focused on the economy as a whole, or on a particular segment of the population; and most have disregarded how resources were intentionally organized to enable growth. This book focuses on the estancia - livestock firms, the economic organizations that led the growth process. The internal structure, production conditions, and economic impact of the estancia are the central issues which Amaral considers. Economic growth and increased freedom were not inevitable on the pampas, but rather the consequences of human actions, both deliberate and unintentional, in the search for an elusive profit. Why freedom, not privilege, prevailed is the key question underlying this study.

Haciendas --- Estancias --- Fazendas --- Fundos --- Farms --- Land tenure --- Plantations --- Ranches --- Latifundio --- History --- Arts and Humanities

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Haciendas --- Plantations --- History --- -Plantations --- -Farms --- Estancias --- Fazendas --- Fundos --- Farms --- Land tenure --- Latifundio --- Ranches --- History. --- -History --- Haciendas - Latin America - History --- Plantations - Latin America - History

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There has been considerable controversy amongst social and economic historians, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, political scientists and other specialists concerning the nature and structure of Latin American agrarian society. An increasing number of studies have come to challenge the traditionally accepted view that the backwardness of rural Latin America and its resistance to 'modernisation' are due to the persistence of feudal or non-feudal forms of social and economic organisation. Instead attention has shifted to an examination of the social and economic dislocations resulting from attempts to impose capitalist forms of agrarian enterprise on peasant or pre-capitalist societies. This book of essays by an international group of scholars represents a substantial empirical contribution to the ongoing debate. This book will be of interest not only to specialists in the field, but also to anyone wishing to understand the historical processes underlying contemporary Latin America's complex land tenure and rural employment problems.

Haciendas --- Agricultural laborers --- Latin America --- Rural conditions --- -Haciendas --- -Estancias --- Fazendas --- Fundos --- Farms --- Land tenure --- Latifundio --- Plantations --- Ranches --- Agricultural workers --- Farm labor --- Farm laborers --- Farm workers --- Farmhands --- Farmworkers --- Employees --- Rural conditions. --- Agriculture --- -Latin America --- Estancias --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Haciendas - Latin America --- Agricultural laborers - Latin America --- Latin America - Rural conditions

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Livelihood and Resistance examines a Peruvian highland community where rural resistance has been endemic for over a century. Gavin Smith explores the way in which the villagers' daily economic interests and their political struggles contribute to their social and political identity.

Sociology of the developing countries --- Peru --- Peasants --- Land tenure --- Land reform --- Haciendas --- Agricultural Economics --- Business & Economics --- Estancias --- Fazendas --- Fundos --- Farms --- Plantations --- Ranches --- Latifundio --- Agrarian reform --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage

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La reforma agraria emprendida por el gobierno militar de Velasco Alvarado fue uno de los hechos determinantes de la transformación del Perú rural en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Aunque en la última década, el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori puso fin al proceso de la reforma agraria, derogando sus leyes y procurando abrir un mercado de tierras liberal para las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas, el campo peruano no volvió a ser el anterior a 1970. Pero ¿en qué ha devenido entonces? ¿Cuál es la situación, concretamente, de las antiguas sociedades de pastores del altiplano peruano, que tras vivir en un régimen latifundista por espacio de un siglo o más, pasaron a estar organizadas en empresas de tipo cooperativo tuteladas por el Estado? y ¿qué ha ocurrido con ellas, cuando finalmente fueron dejadas en libertad para reorganizarse como mejor pudieran, en medio de las nuevas agencias del Estado, organizaciones de nuevas iglesias y «oenegés» apoyadas por la cooperación extranjera? Después de un largo e intenso trabajo de campo en la provincia de Melgar, en el departamento peruano de Puno, Ethel del Pozo afronta esas preguntas, para mostrarnos cómo se enfrentan los retos de la mundialización entre los «huacchilleros» de una de las zonas más caracterizadas de los Andes del sur.

Peasants --- Haciendas --- Land reform --- Culture and globalization --- Business & Economics --- Agricultural Economics --- Globalization and culture --- Agrarian reform --- Estancias --- Fazendas --- Fundos --- Peasantry --- Globalization --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- Farms --- Land tenure --- Plantations --- Ranches --- Latifundio --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Puno (Peru : Department) --- Rural conditions. --- Puno (Peru : Dept.) --- réforme agraire --- politique --- laine --- ethnologie --- changement social --- production --- élevage --- éducation --- propriété foncière --- mouvement paysan