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This open access book deals with Article 7 TEU measures, court proceedings, financial sanctions and the EU Rule of Law Framework to protect EU values with a particular focus on checks and balances in EU Member States. It analyses substantive standards, powers, procedures as well as the consequences and implications of the various instruments. It combines the analysis of the European level, be it the EU or the Council of Europe, with that of the national level, in particular in Hungary and Poland. The LM judgment of the European Court of Justice is made subject to detailed scrutiny.

Civil rights. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Law and legislation --- Separation of powers --- European Union countries --- Politics and government. --- Checks and balances (Separation of powers) --- Division of powers --- Powers, Separation of --- Political science --- Delegation of powers --- Executive power --- Judicial independence --- Judicial power --- Judicial review --- Legislative power --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms --- Treaty of the European Union --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Member States --- CJEU --- Democracy --- Rule of Law --- EU Values --- Constitutional Crisis --- Open access --- Public international law: human rights

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In diesem Open-Access-Sammelband werden die aktuelle Herausforderungen für Privatheit und Datenschutz aufgezeigt, die durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung entstehen. Die Beitragsautoren analysieren, wie diese durch Governancemechanismen adressiert werden können. Als Alternative zu einem rein profitorientierten Digitalkapitalismus bzw. Digitalautoritarismus wird für einen eigenständigen europäischen Weg beim Datenschutz argumentiert, der auf eine gemeinwohlorientierte Technikentwicklung abzielt. Insbesondere befassen sich die Beiträge mit den Möglichkeiten für die Stärkung der Selbstbestimmung in der Datenökonomie und mit algorithmischen Entscheidungssystemen. Die Herausgeber Dr. Michael Friedewald leitet das Geschäftsfeld „Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik“ am Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung in Karlsruhe. Er befasst sich u.a. mit Auswirkungen neuer Technologien auf Datenschutz und Privatheit. Dr. Michael Kreutzer verantwortet beim Darmstädter Fraunhofer SIT-Institut den Bereich „Internationalisierung und strategische Industriebeziehungen“. Herr Kreutzer forscht und publiziert seit mehr als 20 Jahren zu Fragestellungen des technischen Privatsphärenschutzes und der IT-Sicherheit. Marit Hansen ist die Landesdatenschutzbeauftragte Schleswig-Holstein und leitet das Unabhängige Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein (ULD). Sie ist Informatikerin und Autorin vieler Veröffentlichungen zur datenschutzgerechten Gestaltung von IT-Systemen. Alle Herausgeber sind Mitglieder des „Forum Privatheit und selbstbestimmtes Leben in einer digitalen Welt“.

International human rights law --- Entertainment & media law --- Plattformen --- Digitalisierung --- Anonymität --- Künstliche Intelligenz --- Nutzerbefähigung --- Tagung --- Civil rights. --- European communities. --- Information technology --- Mass media --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property. --- Law and legislation. --- Technology and law --- European federation --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Law and legislation

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This book demonstrates how human rights obligations of the EU foreign constitution can be operationalized in the realm of international economic regulation. The content is divided into three major parts. The first outlines the legal foundations needed for the EU to become a shaper of international investment law, which include the general principles and objectives of EU external policies, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, international human rights and the international investment competences of the EU. The second part demonstrates the current international investment regime’s incompatibility with human rights interests, while the third analyzes two mechanisms stemming from trade Law – ex-ante human rights impact assessments and civil society monitoring bodies – and explores whether they could mitigate the current inequalities in the protection of rights. The potential of these mechanisms, the book argues, lies in their capacity to ensure a comprehensive assessment of all interests at stake, and to empower traditionally marginalized rights-holders to make, shape and contest the international investment regime.

Civil rights. --- Social responsibility of busines. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Human Rights. --- International Economic Law, Trade Law. --- Corporate Social Responsibility. --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Law and legislation --- Human rights. --- International law. --- Trade. --- Social responsibility of business. --- Business --- Corporate accountability --- Corporate responsibility --- Corporate social responsibility --- Corporations --- CSR (Corporate social responsibility) --- Industries --- Social responsibility, Corporate --- Social responsibility of industry --- Business ethics --- Issues management --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Social responsibility --- Social aspects

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This book originates from the proceedings of the 10th anniversary conference of the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER) in which renowned experts in the field took stock of recent evolutions in the law and practice of the EU’s external relations. In particular, the book addresses the question of how the evolving legal and political framework affects the nature of EU external relations law. The contributions discuss the actions (and reactions) of the EU through external action instruments in a number of substantive areas such as migration, trade, neighbouring policies, security and defence. By shedding light on the most significant developments of the past decade this edited volume attests to the ever-evolving nature of the field of EU External Relations Law. Thus, this book is essential reading for academics, practitioners and policy makers at the EU level interested in the field of EU External Relations Law. Dr. W.Th. Douma is an Independent legal expert at the European Environmental Law Consultancy and EU Legal – Centre for European and International Law, both based in The Netherlands, voluntary researcher at Ghent University in Belgium, and Senior Legal Adviser at the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. Prof. Dr. C. Eckes is Professor of European Law at the University of Amsterdam and director of the Amsterdam Centre for European Law and Governance, The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. P. Van Elsuwege is Professor of European Union Law at Ghent University and co-director of the Ghent European Law Institute, Belgium. Dr. E. Kassoti is Senior researcher in EU and International Law at the Asser Institute and academic co-ordinator of the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER), The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. A. Ott is Professor of EU External Relations Law and Jean Monnet professor in EU Law at Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. R.A. Wessel is Professor of European Law and Head of the European and Economic Law Department at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Law—Europe. --- International law. --- Civil rights. --- Commercial law --- International relations. --- European Law. --- Sources and Subjects of International Law, International Organizations. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- European Economic Law. --- International Relations. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- European Economic Community countries. --- Law and legislation --- European Union countries --- Law and legislation.

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This book addresses intersex rights violations and analyses intersex people’s legal demands as expressed by intersex activists themselves and delivered through statements and reports issued by intersex rights organisations, the United Nations and the Council of Europe. Intersex people are born with sex characteristics that do not fit typical notions of male or female bodies, as a result of which they are stigmatised, marginalised and denied the recognition of their fundamental rights. Often, they are subjected to involuntary and harmful sex “normalising” surgeries at birth, which violate their bodily integrity, self-determination and informed consent, so as to comply with societal and legal norms. Moreover, binary legal frameworks prevent them from enjoying the rights to access identification documents, start a family, or be free from discrimination in all areas including employment and sports. To elaborate on intersex violations that emanate from binary laws, this book examines the situation of intersex rights in regional jurisdictions worldwide and within the European Union in particular. In the process, it identifies current legal barriers and suggests how intersex people could be accommodated under legal frameworks and achieve sex/gender equality beyond binary definitions.

Sociology. --- Civil rights. --- Identity politics. --- Law --- Human Rights. --- Gender Studies. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Politics and Gender. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Law and Psychology. --- Psychological aspects. --- Juridical psychology --- Juristic psychology --- Legal psychology --- Psychology, Juridical --- Psychology, Juristic --- Psychology, Legal --- Psychology, Applied --- Therapeutic jurisprudence --- Identity (Psychology) --- Politics of identity --- Political participation --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Psychology --- Political aspects --- Law and legislation --- Human rights. --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Psychology. --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law