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Intellectual property --- Economic aspect --- Propriété intellectuelle --- Aspect économique --- -Intellectual property --- IP (Intellectual property) --- Proprietary rights --- Rights, Proprietary --- Intangible property --- Economic aspects --- Law and legislation --- Intellectual property. --- Economic aspects. --- -Economic aspects --- Aspect économique. --- Intellectual property - Economic aspects

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In a world characterised by rapid urbanisation it is increasingly difficult to devise urban governance models which are resilient, safe and inclusive, and that also preserve the environment. This book takes Singapore, a leader in this field, as a case study, looking at its successes in urban governance and smart city planning. Through the lens of environmental sustainability, the author examines Singapore's recent adoption of technological tools, which have led to increased efficiency and performance, and have also supported its economic ambitions. The book unveils a unique and critical insight into Singapore's approach. Considering the historical, political and technological context, the author shares the techniques and key projects that have contributed to the all-important improvement of liveability levels in the city state.

City planning --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Economic aspect. --- Government policy --- Management --- Smart cities. --- City planning. --- Smart cities --- Political Science --- Urban & municipal planning. --- Public Policy / City Planning & Urban Development.

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VL / Flanders - Vlaams Gewest - Région Flamande --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 331.30 --- 382.51 --- 332.691 --- 470 --- 351.2 --- 331.32 --- 338.6 --- BPB0903 --- Condition socio-économique --- Flandre --- Economische toestand. --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve. --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Openbaar onderwijs: algemeenheden. --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- Sociaal-economische omstandigheden --- Vlaanderen --- Yearbooks --- socialinės ir ekonominės sąlygos --- socio-økonomiske forhold --- socialno-ekonomske razmere --- condición socioeconómica --- warunki społeczno-ekonomiczne --- sociālekonomiskie apstākļi --- společensko-hospodářské poměry --- socio-ekonomické podmienky --- општествено-економски услови --- sozioökonomische Verhältnisse --- condizione socioeconomica --- yhteiskunnallis-taloudelliset olot --- condiții socio-economice --- kushte shoqërore-ekonomike --- condição socioeconómica --- друштвено-економски услови --- társadalmi-gazdasági körülmények --- socioekonomiska förhållanden --- socioeconomic conditions --- kundizzjoni soċjoekonomika --- sociaal-economische omstandigheden --- κοινωνικοοικονομικές συνθήκες --- društveno-gospodarski uvjeti --- sotsiaal-majanduslikud tingimused --- социално - икономически условия --- socioekonomisk situation --- sozioökonomische Lage --- společensko-hospodářský aspekt --- општествено-економски околности --- sociálně-ekonomická situace --- struttura socio-economica --- kushte shoqëror-kulturore --- sozioökonomische Struktur --- socialinis ir ekonominis požiūris --- condizione socio-economica --- κοινωνικοοικονομικές δομές --- socioekonomické podmínky --- socio-økonomisk aspekt --- socialinė ir ekonominė padėtis --- sociálně-ekonomický aspekt --- situatë shoqëror-kulturore --- sociaal-economisch aspect --- sotsiaal-majanduslik aspekt --- socio-economic situation --- socio-ekonomický aspekt --- aspekt shoqëror-kulturor --- sosiaalis-taloudellinen tilanne --- социоекономски услови --- socio-economic aspect --- situación socioeconómica --- aspect socio-économique --- socio-ekonomická situácia --- aspeto socioeconómico --- aspecte socio-economice --- sotsiaal-majanduslik olukord --- structure socio-économique --- szocioökonómiai körülmények --- sociālekonomiskā situācija --- socio-økonomisk struktur --- sosiaalis-taloudellinen näkökulma --- estrutura socioeconómica --- sociálně-ekonomické podmínky --- κοινωνικοοικονομικοί παράγοντες --- друштвено-економске прилике --- socioekonomski uvijeti --- sociaal-economische situatie --- sociálně-ekonomické postavení --- situation socio-économique --- socio-economic conditions --- socio-ekonomická struktura --- sociālekonomiskais aspekts --- posizione socio-economica --- estructura socioeconómica --- socialinis ir ekonominis aspektas --- socio-økonomisk situation --- situație socio-economică --- socioekonomisk aspekt --- aspetto socio-economico --- socioekonomisk struktur --- општествено-економски состојби --- aspecto socioeconómico --- situação socioeconómica --- sociaal-economische structuur --- Economische toestand --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Openbaar onderwijs: algemeenheden --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Structuur van de economie --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- dálaí socheacnamaíocha --- Condition socio-économique

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Unlike most existing textbooks on the economic history of modern Europe, which offer a country-by-country approach, The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe rethinks Europe's economic history since 1700 as unified and pan-European, with the material organised by topic rather than by country. This first volume is centred on the transition to modern economic growth, which first occurred in Britain before spreading to other parts of western Europe by 1870. Each chapter is written by an international team of authors who cover the three major regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, and central and eastern Europe. The volume covers the major themes of modern economic history, including trade; urbanization; aggregate economic growth; the major sectors of agriculture, industry and services; and the development of living standards, including the distribution of income. The quantitative approach makes use of modern economic analysis in a way that is easy for students to understand.

International economic relations --- History of Europe --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- 338 <09> <4> "17/18" --- Economische geschiedenis--Europa--18e en 19e eeuw. Periode 1700-1899.--(eveneens voor boeken over recht periode 1789-1799) --- 330.94 --- 331.100 --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Economic history. --- Histoire économique --- --Europe --- --XIXe-XXe s., --- Economic history --- Economic conditions. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- XIXe-XXe s., 1801-2000 --- Europe - Economic history --- history of Europe. --- economy. --- economic conditions. --- economic growth. --- Schuman-planen --- Eiropas Kopienu vēsture --- dejiny EU --- Schumani plaan --- plan Schuman --- histoire des CE --- Declaração Schuman --- Geschichte der EG --- history of the European Communities --- déclaration Schuman --- Schuman-erklæringen --- Declaración Schuman --- povijest EZ-a --- Šumano deklaracija --- Schumanova deklarácia --- Schumanverklaring --- geschiedenis van de EG --- Plano Schuman --- Schuman plan --- plani Shuman --- az Európai Közösségek története --- Schuman-Plan --- Schuman Declaration --- História da CE --- Schuman-terv --- Európa története --- Schuman-Erklärung --- Europos Bendrijų istorija --- Šūmaņa plāns --- povijest EU-a --- ιστορία των ΕΚ --- Σχέδιο Schuman --- piano Schuman --- историја на европските интеграции --- Schumanin suunnitelma --- Schumani deklaratsioon --- Шуманов план --- dějiny Evropských společenství --- declarația schuman --- az EK története --- Schumanplan --- historia de la CE --- storia delle Comunità europee --- istoria comunității europeene --- Schumanov plán --- historia europea --- Euroopan yhteisöjen historia --- histori e Komuniteteve Europiane --- az EU története --- dějiny Evropské unie --- Schumanov plan --- Euroopa ühenduste ajalugu --- историја на ЕУ --- planul schuman --- Šūmaņa deklarācija --- historia de la UE --- Schuman-nyilatkozat --- Schumanova deklaracija --- dichiarazione Schuman --- Schumanova deklarace --- Schumanův plán --- Deklarata e Shumanit --- Διακήρυξη Schuman --- Schumanin julistus --- Šumano planas --- az európai építmény története --- histoire de l'Europe --- historia Europy --- geschiedenis van Europa --- dějiny evropského integračního procesu --- storia dell'Europa --- ιστορία της Ευρώπης --- EF's historie --- историја на Европа --- storja tal-Ewropa --- dejiny Európy --- Eiropas vēsture --- Geschichte des europäischen Einigungswerks --- istoria Europei --- historia de Europa --- stair na hEorpa --- zgodovina Evrope --- история на европейското обединение --- EG:s historia --- povijest europskih integracija --- história da Europa --- Europos istorija --- histori e Europës --- историја Европе --- Euroopa ajalugu --- Euroopan historia --- vækstrate --- zero growth --- miera rastu --- expansiune economică --- prieaugis --- pieauguma temps --- creștere zero --- nulový rast --- boom economico --- нулти раст --- crecimiento cero --- espansione economica --- talouden laajentuminen --- növekedés üteme --- nullkasv --- nulvækst --- kasvuvauhti --- ekonomisk expansion --- οικονομική επέκταση --- nulgroei --- nollakasvu --- nulti rast --- Nullwachstum --- ritmo de crecimiento --- növekedés mértéke --- μηδενική μεγέθυνση --- hospodársky vzostup --- tillväxttakt --- ρυθμός οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης --- kasvumäär --- nulles pieaugums --- míra hospodářského růstu --- nolltillväxt --- taxa de crescimento --- ekonomický růst --- nulinis augimas --- growth rate --- crescita zero --- gospodarski rast --- економска експанзија --- expansão económica --- stopa rasta --- økonomisk ekspansion --- rată de creștere economică --- croissance zéro --- majanduse laienemine --- expansion économique --- tasa de crecimiento --- zgjerim ekonomik --- economische expansie --- ekonomická expanze --- rritje zero --- augimo norma --- taux de croissance --- economic expansion --- nulový růst --- crescimento zero --- Wachstumsrate --- οικονομική αύξηση --- Wirtschaftsexpansion --- tasso di crescita --- zéró növekedés --- стапка на раст --- Wirtschaftswachstum --- ekonomisk tillväxt --- ūkio augimas --- gospodarska rast --- crescimento económico --- taloudellinen kasvu --- wzrost gospodarczy --- hospodářský růst --- majanduskasv --- croissance économique --- tkabbir ekonomiku --- rritje ekonomike --- economische groei --- creștere economică --- crescita economica --- икономически растеж --- привредни раст --- fás eacnamaíoch --- hospodársky rast --- crecimiento económico --- ekonomski rast --- økonomisk vækst --- економски раст --- ekonomikas pieaugums --- οικονομική μεγέθυνση --- gazdasági növekedés --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- ekonomikos mokslas --- gospodarstvo --- gazdálkodás --- ekonomika --- стопанство --- hospodářství --- économie --- икономика --- talous --- gospodarka --- geilleagar --- economia --- majandus --- hospodárstvo --- economie --- Wirtschaft --- gazdaság --- økonomi --- οικονομία --- привреда --- ūkis --- економија --- ekonomija --- ekonomi --- economía --- Conditions économiques --- 18e siècle --- 1789-1900 --- 20e siècle

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Rethinking fiscal and monetary policy in an economic environment of high debt and low interest rates. Policy makers in advanced economies find themselves in an unusual fiscal environment: debt ratios are historically high, while real interest rates are extremely low. Such a fundamental change, which seems likely to last, calls for a rethinking of the role of fiscal and monetary policy -- and this is just what Olivier Blanchard proposes in Fiscal Policy under Low Interest Rates . There is a wide set of opinions about the direction fiscal policy should take. Some, pointing to the high debt levels, make debt reduction an absolute priority. Others, pointing to the low interest rates, are less worried; they suggest that there is still fiscal space, and, if justified, further increases in debt should not be ruled out. Blanchard argues that low interest rates decrease not only the fiscal costs of debt, but also the welfare costs of debt. At the same time, he shows how low rates decrease the room for maneuver of monetary policy -- and thus increase the benefits of using fiscal policy, including deficits and debt, for macroeconomic stabilization. In short, low rates imply lower costs and higher benefits of debt. Having sketched what optimal policy looks like, Blanchard considers three examples of fiscal policy in action: fiscal consolidation in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the large increase in debt in Japan, and the current US fiscal and monetary policy mix. His conclusions hold practical implications for economic and fiscal policy makers, bankers, and politicians around the world.

Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- fiscal policy. --- economic conditions. --- interest. --- banking policy. --- monetary policy. --- economic indicator. --- majandusnäitaja --- ekonominis rodiklis --- economische indicator --- indicatore economico --- táscaire eacnamaíoch --- indicador económico --- indicator economic --- економски показател --- икономически индикатор --- hospodársky ukazovateľ --- gospodarski kazalec --- ekonomikas rādītājs --- економски показатељ --- ekonomski pokazatelj --- hospodářský ukazatel --- gazdasági mutató --- οικονομικός δείκτης --- wskaźnik gospodarczy --- økonomisk indikator --- tregues ekonomik --- Wirtschaftsindikator --- indikatur ekonomiku --- ekonomisk indikator --- indicateur économique --- taloudellinen indikaattori --- ekonomický ukazatel --- економски индикатор --- indice economico --- política monetaria --- politique monétaire --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- beartas airgeadaíochta --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetārā politika --- monetair beleid --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- τραπεζική πολιτική --- Bankpolitik --- panganduspoliitika --- banku politika --- bankbeleid --- банкова политика --- pankkitoimintapolitiikka --- polityka bankowa --- politique bancaire --- politica bancaria --- bankarska politika --- politika bankarja --- bančna politika --- beartas baincéireachta --- bankų politika --- política bancaria --- política bancária --- politikë bankare --- банкарска политика --- banková politika --- bankpolitik --- politică bancară --- bankovní politika --- bankpolitika --- banko politika --- intérêt --- ränta --- palūkanos --- procenti --- dobândă --- Zins --- kamata --- úrok --- τόκος --- imgħax --- intress --- obresti --- korko --- odsetki --- juro --- interes --- kamat --- камата --- interés --- rente --- интерес --- ús --- interesse --- norma e interesit --- intressimäär --- úroková sazba --- räntefot --- räntesats --- каматна стапка --- palūkanų norma --- úroková sadzba --- tipo de interés --- procentu likme --- kamatláb --- rentesats --- interest rate --- επιτόκιο --- kamatna stopa --- Zinsfuß --- úroková míra --- rata dobânzii --- taxa de juro --- Zinssatz --- rentevoet --- taux d'intérêt --- tasso d'interesse --- saggio d'interesse --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- politique fiscale --- politikë fiskale --- fiskális politika --- фискална политика --- belastingbeleid --- politika zdaňovania --- fiskální politika --- fiskālā politika --- skattepolitik --- politica fiscale --- porezna politika --- φορολογική πολιτική --- politika fiskali --- veropolitiikka --- fiskalna politika --- política fiscal --- polityka podatkowa --- fiskalinė politika --- beartas fioscach --- politică fiscală --- Steuerpolitik --- fiskaalpoliitika --- nodokļu politika --- maksupoliitika --- експанзивна фискална политика --- reforma zdaňovania --- politica taxelor --- iždo politika --- adópolitika --- политика на владина потрошувачка --- politikë për tatim-taksat --- taxation policy --- tax policy --- политика на оданочување --- politikë tatimore --- mokesčių politika --- fiscaal beleid --- контрактивна фискална политика --- maksustamispoliitika --- daňová politika --- fiškálna politika --- Monetary policy. --- Interest rates. --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Interest --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Debts, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Social policy. --- Investment management