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With motivated human resources and a rich natural bounty, Myanmar is expected to take off with sustained growth and eventually attain a unique welfare state. On the basis of the authors’ field surveys and innumerable dialogues with public officials, private professionals, scholars, and others, in addition to intensive desk studies since around 2000, the present volume lays out the essential ingredients for drawing a roadmap to realise the above-mentioned objective. That goal is, specifically, financial development, adequate social capital, indigenous modern manufactures, and closer international tie-ups, among others, but above all, sound agrarian development. An effort has been made to place the required ingredients in their historical contexts, as historical experiences constitute an important sociopolitical condition in which development takes place. Myanmar nationals and readers concerned with the country’s economic progress are encouraged to give serious, sustained thought to coming up with a socially supportable roadmap for the country's development path. The present volume provides valuable hints for that purpose.

Economic development --- Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Burma --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Development economics. --- Globalization. --- International economics. --- Development Economics. --- Emerging Markets/Globalization. --- International Economics. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic sanctions --- Markets. --- Public markets --- Commerce --- Fairs --- Market towns --- Burma. --- Birma. --- Barma --- Birma --- Birmânia --- Birmanie --- Birmanskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Birmanya --- Birmo --- Bŏma --- Bourma --- Burmah --- Dēmokratia tēs Enōsēs tēs Mianmar --- Enōsē tou Mianmar --- Maenmar --- Miandian --- M'i͡anma --- Mianmar --- Mianmari Államszövetség Köztársasága --- Mien Chin --- Mijanmar --- Mijanmarska Unija --- Miyanma --- Mjanma --- Mjanmaa Unio --- Mjanmao --- Mjanmar --- Mranʻ m --- Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Myanma --- Myanma Birliyi Respublikası --- Myanma Naingngandaw --- Myanmar --- Myanmar Unionens Republik --- Myanmari Liidu Vabariik --- Myanmarin tasavallan unioni --- Myanmarko Batasuna --- P'idaŭnzu M'i͡anma Naĭnhanda --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Chuirhayʻlacʻ Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Puruma --- Pye Tawngsu Thammada Myanma Naingngan --- Pyi-daung-zu Myan-mar Naing-ngan-daw --- Pyidaungsu Myanmma Naing Ngan-Daw --- Pyidaungsu Socialist Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw --- Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw --- Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- República de la Unió de Myanmar --- República de la Unión de Myanmar --- Republik der Union von Myanmar --- Republika Sŭi͡uz Mianmar --- République de l'Union du Myanmar --- Rėspublika Sai͡uz M'i͡anma --- Sai͡uz M'i͡anma --- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma --- Svazová republika Myanmar --- Undeb Myanmar --- Unie van Birma --- Unie van Mianmar --- Unija Mjanmar --- Unión de Birmania --- Unión de Myanmar --- Union of Burma --- Union of Myanmar --- Virmania

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Burma has often been portrayed as a timeless place, a country of egalitarian Buddhist villages, ruled successively by autocratic kings, British colonialists and, most recently, a military dictatorship. The Making of Modern Burma argues instead that many aspects of Burmese society today, from the borders of the state to the social structure of the countryside to the very notion of a Burmese identity, are largely the creations of the nineteenth century - a period of great change - away from the Ava-based polity of early modern times, and towards the 'British Burma' of the 1900s. The book provides a sophisticated and much-needed account of the period, and as such will be an important resource for policy makers and students as a basis for understanding contemporary politics and the challenges of the modern state. It will also be read by historians interested in the British colonial expansion of the nineteenth century.

Burma --- Birmanskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Union of Burma --- Burma (Union) --- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma --- Pyidaungsu Myanmma Naing Ngan-Daw --- Birmanie --- Birmânia --- Myanmar --- Mien Chin --- Burmah --- Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw --- Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungsu Socialist Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Mranʻ mā --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Chuirhayʻlacʻ Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Union of Myanmar --- Birma --- Myanma --- Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw --- Mianmar --- Unie van Mianmar --- Unie van Birma --- Pyi-daung-zu Myan-mar Naing-ngan-daw --- Myanma Birliyi Respublikası --- М'янма --- M'i︠a︡nma --- Рэспубліка Саюз М'янма --- Rėspublika Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- П'ідаўнзу М'янма Найнганда --- P'idaŭnzu M'i︠a︡nma Naĭnhanda --- Саюз М'янма --- Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- Mijanmar --- Mijanmarska Unija --- Мианмар --- Република Съюз Мианмар --- Republika Sŭi︠u︡z Mianmar --- República de la Unió de Myanmar --- Birmanya --- Barma --- Svazová republika Myanmar --- Undeb Myanmar --- Myanmar Unionens Republik --- Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw --- Pye Tawngsu Thammada Myanma Naingngan --- Republik der Union von Myanmar --- Myanmari Liidu Vabariik --- Μιανμάρ --- ʼΕνωση του Μιανμαρ --- Enōsē tou Mianmar --- Βιρμανία --- Virmania --- Μπούρμα --- Bourma --- Δημοκρατία της ʼΕνωσης της Μιανμάρ --- Dēmokratia tēs Enōsēs tēs Mianmar --- Unión de Myanmar --- República de la Unión de Myanmar --- Birmo --- Mjanmao --- Mjanmaa Unio --- Myanmarko Batasuna --- République de l'Union du Myanmar --- Myanmarin tasavallan unioni --- Puruma --- Maenmar --- Unión de Birmania --- Mjanmar --- Mjanma --- Unija Mjanmar --- Mianmari Államszövetség Köztársasága --- ミャンマー --- 미얀마 --- Miyanma --- 버마 --- Bŏma --- 缅甸 --- Miandian --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- History --- Arts and Humanities

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Dr Maung Maung (1925-94) was a man of many parts: scholar, soldier, nationalist, internationalist, parliamentarian, and public servant. His life spanned seven decades of political, economic and social turbulence in the country he loved and served, Myanmar. A pioneer amongst post-colonial journalists in Southeast Asia, he was equally at home in the libraries and seminars of universities in the United States, Europe and Australia during the Cold War. As a jurist, Dr Maung Maung knew the law must remain relevant to changing societal requirements. As an author, he wrote weighty scholarly tomes and light-hearted accounts spiced with his wry observations on human foibles. He was a keen observer of human strengths and weaknesses. A loyal friend, he never maligned his critics or denied their merits. As a man of affairs, he was capable of understanding the weaknesses of the institutions that he served and that ultimately failed to live up to their ideals. This book collects together a number of his now obscure but important historical and journalistic essays with a full bibliography of his works.

BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Political. --- Maung Maung, --- U Maung Maung, --- Moṅʻ Moṅʻ, --- Ūʺ Moṅʻ Moṅʻ, --- Maung, --- Burma --- Birmanskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Union of Burma --- Burma (Union) --- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma --- Pyidaungsu Myanmma Naing Ngan-Daw --- Birmanie --- Birmânia --- Myanmar --- Mien Chin --- Burmah --- Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw --- Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungsu Socialist Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Mranʻ mā --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Chuirhayʻlacʻ Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Union of Myanmar --- Birma --- Myanma --- Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw --- Mianmar --- Unie van Mianmar --- Unie van Birma --- Pyi-daung-zu Myan-mar Naing-ngan-daw --- Myanma Birliyi Respublikası --- М'янма --- M'i︠a︡nma --- Рэспубліка Саюз М'янма --- Rėspublika Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- П'ідаўнзу М'янма Найнганда --- P'idaŭnzu M'i︠a︡nma Naĭnhanda --- Саюз М'янма --- Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- Mijanmar --- Mijanmarska Unija --- Мианмар --- Република Съюз Мианмар --- Republika Sŭi︠u︡z Mianmar --- República de la Unió de Myanmar --- Birmanya --- Barma --- Svazová republika Myanmar --- Undeb Myanmar --- Myanmar Unionens Republik --- Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw --- Pye Tawngsu Thammada Myanma Naingngan --- Republik der Union von Myanmar --- Myanmari Liidu Vabariik --- Μιανμάρ --- ʼΕνωση του Μιανμαρ --- Enōsē tou Mianmar --- Βιρμανία --- Virmania --- Μπούρμα --- Bourma --- Δημοκρατία της ʼΕνωσης της Μιανμάρ --- Dēmokratia tēs Enōsēs tēs Mianmar --- Unión de Myanmar --- República de la Unión de Myanmar --- Birmo --- Mjanmao --- Mjanmaa Unio --- Myanmarko Batasuna --- République de l'Union du Myanmar --- Myanmarin tasavallan unioni --- Puruma --- Maenmar --- Unión de Birmania --- Mjanmar --- Mjanma --- Unija Mjanmar --- Mianmari Államszövetség Köztársasága --- ミャンマー --- 미얀마 --- Miyanma --- 버마 --- Bŏma --- 缅甸 --- Miandian --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Politics and government --- National Unity Government of Myanmar --- National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

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Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has said that peace is the first priority of the National League for Democracy (NLD) when it comes to power in April 2016. Both her remarks at the Union Peace Conference in January and the NLD election manifesto point to ethnicity and federalism being linked. This is a position similar to that taken by the outgoing Thein Sein government and the army. Now that the word "federalism" is accepted as useful in the debate over how to establish an end to Myanmar's persistent civil wars with ethnically designated armed groups, it was hoped that some meeting of minds might take place. But as revealed at the Union Peace Conference, that is yet to have happened. Rather, spokespersons for the ethnic armed groups continue to speak the language of ethnic rights and a federal army, while the government talks about reaching material and administrative agreements and the army insists that there can only be one army. These debates echo the past, going back to the formation of Myanmar in the late 1940s. In order to break the apparently endless debate about federalism, ethnicity, states and divisions in the Union of Myanmar, perhaps a new approach might be considered -- taking federalism a step further to the seventy-four district levels of administration. As the ethnically designated armed groups operate in relatively small and localized areas, a solution that squares the circle between ethnicity and territory might have appeal.

Ethnicity --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Burma --- Birmanskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Union of Burma --- Burma (Union) --- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma --- Pyidaungsu Myanmma Naing Ngan-Daw --- Birmanie --- Birmânia --- Myanmar --- Mien Chin --- Burmah --- Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw --- Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungsu Socialist Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Mranʻ mā --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Chuirhayʻlacʻ Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Union of Myanmar --- Birma --- Myanma --- Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw --- Mianmar --- Unie van Mianmar --- Unie van Birma --- Pyi-daung-zu Myan-mar Naing-ngan-daw --- Myanma Birliyi Respublikası --- М'янма --- M'i︠a︡nma --- Рэспубліка Саюз М'янма --- Rėspublika Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- П'ідаўнзу М'янма Найнганда --- P'idaŭnzu M'i︠a︡nma Naĭnhanda --- Саюз М'янма --- Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- Mijanmar --- Mijanmarska Unija --- Мианмар --- Република Съюз Мианмар --- Republika Sŭi︠u︡z Mianmar --- República de la Unió de Myanmar --- Birmanya --- Barma --- Svazová republika Myanmar --- Undeb Myanmar --- Myanmar Unionens Republik --- Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw --- Pye Tawngsu Thammada Myanma Naingngan --- Republik der Union von Myanmar --- Myanmari Liidu Vabariik --- Μιανμάρ --- ʼΕνωση του Μιανμαρ --- Enōsē tou Mianmar --- Βιρμανία --- Virmania --- Μπούρμα --- Bourma --- Δημοκρατία της ʼΕνωσης της Μιανμάρ --- Dēmokratia tēs Enōsēs tēs Mianmar --- Unión de Myanmar --- República de la Unión de Myanmar --- Birmo --- Mjanmao --- Mjanmaa Unio --- Myanmarko Batasuna --- République de l'Union du Myanmar --- Myanmarin tasavallan unioni --- Puruma --- Maenmar --- Unión de Birmania --- Mjanmar --- Mjanma --- Unija Mjanmar --- Mianmari Államszövetség Köztársasága --- ミャンマー --- 미얀마 --- Miyanma --- 버마 --- Bŏma --- 缅甸 --- Miandian --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Politics and government. --- Ethnic relations. --- National Unity Government of Myanmar --- National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

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The grim state of the Myanmar economy in the second half of the 1980s forced the previous government of the Burma Socialist Programme Party to liberalize its external and internal trade. Since the military coup following political chaos in the later part of 1988, Japan, the European Community and the United States have suspended new economic aid to Myanmar. This has led to the present military government, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), to work towards closer cooperation in diplomatic and trade relations with other Southeast Asian countries and to further liberalize its trade sector. This study explores and analyzes Myanmar's external trade and its trade relations with Southeast Asian nations, many of which are members of the Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), and raises issues and prospects of economic cooperation with neighbouring countries in the region, including the option for active participation in ASEAN.

Burma --- Southeast Asia --- Birmanskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Union of Burma --- Burma (Union) --- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma --- Pyidaungsu Myanmma Naing Ngan-Daw --- Birmanie --- Birmânia --- Myanmar --- Mien Chin --- Burmah --- Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw --- Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungsu Socialist Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Mranʻ mā --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Chuirhayʻlacʻ Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Union of Myanmar --- Birma --- Myanma --- Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw --- Mianmar --- Unie van Mianmar --- Unie van Birma --- Pyi-daung-zu Myan-mar Naing-ngan-daw --- Myanma Birliyi Respublikası --- М'янма --- M'i︠a︡nma --- Рэспубліка Саюз М'янма --- Rėspublika Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- П'ідаўнзу М'янма Найнганда --- P'idaŭnzu M'i︠a︡nma Naĭnhanda --- Саюз М'янма --- Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- Mijanmar --- Mijanmarska Unija --- Мианмар --- Република Съюз Мианмар --- Republika Sŭi︠u︡z Mianmar --- República de la Unió de Myanmar --- Birmanya --- Barma --- Svazová republika Myanmar --- Undeb Myanmar --- Myanmar Unionens Republik --- Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw --- Pye Tawngsu Thammada Myanma Naingngan --- Republik der Union von Myanmar --- Myanmari Liidu Vabariik --- Μιανμάρ --- ʼΕνωση του Μιανμαρ --- Enōsē tou Mianmar --- Βιρμανία --- Virmania --- Μπούρμα --- Bourma --- Δημοκρατία της ʼΕνωσης της Μιανμάρ --- Dēmokratia tēs Enōsēs tēs Mianmar --- Unión de Myanmar --- República de la Unión de Myanmar --- Birmo --- Mjanmao --- Mjanmaa Unio --- Myanmarko Batasuna --- République de l'Union du Myanmar --- Myanmarin tasavallan unioni --- Puruma --- Maenmar --- Unión de Birmania --- Mjanmar --- Mjanma --- Unija Mjanmar --- Mianmari Államszövetség Köztársasága --- ミャンマー --- 미얀마 --- Miyanma --- 버마 --- Bŏma --- 缅甸 --- Miandian --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Asia, Southeast --- Asia, Southeastern --- South East Asia --- Southeastern Asia --- Commerce. --- Commercial policy. --- Commerce --- National Unity Government of Myanmar --- National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / International / Economics.