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Logic --- Philosophy of language --- Grammar --- Historical linguistics --- French language --- Literary semiotics --- anno 500-1499 --- Français (Langue) --- Grammaire --- Identity (Philosophical concept) --- Reference (Philosophy) --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Contingency (Philosophy) --- Identité --- Référence (Philosophie) --- Nécessité (Philosophie) --- Contingence (Philosophie)

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The commentary of Alexander of Aphrodisias on Aristotle's Prior Analytics 1.8-22 is the main ancient commentary, by the 'greatest' commentator, on the chapters of the Prior Analytics in which Aristotle invented modal logic - the logic of propositions about what is necessary or contingent (possible). In this volume, which covers chapters 1.8-13, Alexander of Aphrodisias reaches the chapter in which Aristotle discusses the notion of contingency. Also included in this volume is Alexander's commentary on that part of Prior Analytics 1.17 which explains the conversion of contingent propositions (the rest of 1.17 is included in the second volume of Mueller's translation). In the second volume, the 'greatest' commentator, Alexander, concludes his discussion of Aristotle's modal logic. In the second half of book 1 of the Prior Analytics, Aristotle reflects on the application of the formalized logic he has developed in the first half, focusing particularly on the non-modal or assertoric syllogistic developed in the first seven chapters. The last 14 chapters of book 1 of Aristotle's "Prior Analytics" are concerned with the representation in the formal language of syllogistic of propositions and arguments expressed in more or less everyday Greek. In his commentary on those chapters, "Alexander of Aphrodisias" explains some of Aristotle's more opaque assertions and discusses post-Aristotelian ideas in semantics and the philosophy of language. In doing so he provides an unusual insight into the way in which these disciplines developed in the Hellenistic era. He also shows a more sophisticated understanding of these fields than Aristotle himself, while remaining a staunch defender of Aristotle's emphasis on meaning as opposed to Stoics concern with verbal formulation. In his commentary on the final chapter of book 1 Alexander offers a thorough discussion of Aristotle's distinction between denying that something is, for example, white and asserting that it is non-white.

Logic --- Syllogism --- Logique --- Syllogisme --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Aristotle. --- Modalité (Logique) --- Modality (Logic) --- Contingency (Philosophy) --- Modalité (Logique) --- Contingence (Philosophie) --- Early works to 1800. --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Language and languages - Philosophy --- Aristotle --- Aristote, --- Analytica priora (Aristoteles). --- Contingence (Philosophie) - Ouvrages avant 1800. --- Contingency (Philosophy) - Early works to 1800. --- Déduction (Logique) - Ouvrages avant 1800. --- Modality (Logic) - Early works to 1800. --- Modalité (Logique) - Ouvrages avant 1800. --- Rezeption. --- Syllogismen. --- Alexander, --- Aristoteles, --- Aristote / Premiers analytiques. --- Aristotle <384-322 B.C> / Prior analytics. --- Modality (Logic). --- Syllogism. --- Prior analytics (Aristotle). --- Language and languages

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Philosophy, Medieval --- Theology --- Contingency (Philosophy) --- Ontology --- Philosophie médiévale --- Théologie --- Contingence (Philosophie) --- Ontologie --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Theology, Doctrinal --- History --- Mediaeval philosophy --- Christian theology --- 13th century --- Critical edition --- Critical edition. --- Philosophie médiévale --- Théologie --- Theology, Doctrinal - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500. --- Theology, Doctrinal - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Essence (philosophie) --- Existence (philosophie) --- Scolastique

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This book is about the influence of varying theological conceptions of contingency and necessity on two versions of the mechanical philosophy in the seventeenth century. Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655) and René Descartes (1596-1650) both believed that all natural phenomena could be explained in terms of matter and motion alone. They disagreed about the details of their mechanical accounts of the world, in particular about their theories of matter and their approaches to scientific method. This book traces their differences back to theological presuppositions they inherited from the Middle Ages. Theological ideas were transformed into philosophical and scientific ideas which led to the emergence of different styles of science in the second half of the seventeenth century.

Contingency (Philosophy) --- Free will and determinism --- God --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy of nature --- Providence and government of God --- Science --- Causation --- Chance --- Fate and fatalism --- Ontology --- Teleology --- Truth --- Philosophy --- Nature --- Nature, Philosophy of --- Natural theology --- Metaphysics --- Misotheism --- Monotheism --- Religion --- Theism --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- History --- Will --- History of doctrines --- Providence and government --- Sovereignty --- Descartes, René, --- Gassendi, Pierre, --- Gassendi, Pierre --- Gassendi, Petrus --- Gassendus, Petrus --- Descartes, Renatus --- Cartesius, Renatus --- Descartes, René --- Descartes, René, --- Contingency (Philosophy). --- Necessity (Philosophy). --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Dieu --- Providence divine --- Contingence (Philosophie) --- Nécessité (Philosophie) --- Mécanisme (Philosophie) --- Sciences --- Philosophie de la nature --- Volonté --- Histoire des doctrines --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Contributions in mechanical philosophy. --- Gassendus, Petrus, --- Petrus Gassendus, --- Gassend, Pierre, --- Arts and Humanities --- God - Will - History of doctrines - 17th century. --- Providence and government of God - History of doctrines - 17th century. --- Free will and determinism - History - 17th century. --- Science - Philosophy - History - 17th century. --- Philosophy of nature - History - 17th century. --- Gassendi, Pierre, - 1592-1655. --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650. --- Critique et interprétation --- Gassendi, Pierre (1592-1655) --- Mécanisme (philosophie) --- Libre arbitre --- Nécessité --- Contingence --- Philosophie des sciences --- 17e siècle --- Gouvernement