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Investigation of how early painters used simple cameras to capture realistic images--400 years before the invention of the photograph. Examines works by Jan Van Eyck, Vermeer, Holbein, Caravaggio and Velázquez. Demonstrates methods using camera lucida, camera obscura and convex mirrors.
Realism in art. --- Painting --- Camera obscuras. --- Camera lucidas. --- Painting, Renaissance --- Painting from photographs. --- Technique --- History.
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Over 100 years of speculation and controversy surround claims that the great seventeenth-century Dutch artist, Johannes Vermeer, used the camera obscura to create some of the most famous images in Western art. This intellectual detective story starts by exploring Vermeer's possible knowledge of seventeenth-century optical science, and outlines the history of this early version of the photographic camera, which projected an accurate image for artists to trace. However, it is Steadman's meticulous reconstruction of the artist's studio, complete with a camera obscura, which provides exciting new evidence to support the view that Vermeer did indeed use the camera. These findings do not challenge Vermeer's genius but show how, like many artists, he experimented with new technology to develop his style and choice of subject matter. The combination of detailed research and a wide range of contemporary illustrations offers a fascinating glimpse into a time of great scientific and cultural innovation and achievement in Europe.
535 --- 75 VERMEER, JOHANNES --- Philip Steadman --- kunst --- schilderkunst --- optica --- camera obscura --- Nederland --- Vermeer Johannes --- zeventiende eeuw --- Nederlanden --- schildertechniek --- tekenkunst --- schetsen --- 75.071 VERMEER --- 75.02 --- 75 VERMEER, JOHANNES Schilderkunst--VERMEER, JOHANNES --- Schilderkunst--VERMEER, JOHANNES --- 535 Optics --- Optics --- Black box (Art) --- Black boxes (Art) --- Camera obscura --- Camera obscuras --- Camerae obscurae --- Chambre noire --- Chambre obscure --- Chambres noires --- Chambres obscures --- Photography [Pinhole ] --- Kunsttechniek --- persoon --- 7.02 --- Vermeer, Johannes --- Optica --- Painting [Dutch ] --- CDL --- Photography, Pinhole. --- Camera obscuras. --- Painting, Dutch --- Vermeer, Johannes, --- Vermeer (johannes), 1632-1675
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Mensen zijn kijkdieren. Eerst zien, dan geloven. Zien ís geloven. Ook via andermans ogen en lenzen. Foto's hebben een enorme overtuigingskracht. Maar merkwaardig genoeg kijken en zien we doorgaans nogal achteloos en oppervlakkig, en ook met foto's springen we niet bepaald zorgvuldig om. Dat lijkt paradoxaal maar is in feite een logisch gevolg van de combinatie van de directe bewijskracht van foto's en hun meerduidigheid, een tekort aan inhoudelijke precisie. Hoe overtuigend foto's ook lijken, ze konden van het begin af niet zonder verklaring. De wereld van het beeld wordt door het woord beheerst. Niet de foto illustreert de tekst, het is de tekst die de foto belicht, duidt en verklaart. De overtuiging dat de camera niet liegt, niet liegen kan, maakt de leugen mogelijk. Er wordt geknipt en geplakt dat het een lieve lust is. Soms bewust, vaker niet-bewust, zonder dat men er erg in heeft. Foto's en bijschriften worden werktuigelijk aangepast aan andere omstandigheden en visies, toegesneden op nieuwe interpretaties en collectieve herinneringen. Gebeurtenissen veranderen van tijd, oorden van naam, slachtoffers en daders van identiteit. Het boek stelt vijftien min of meer bekende historische foto's voor. Omdat tekst en context in hoge mate bepalen wat wordt gezien, kan de lezer eerst zelf kijken en zien, een eigen mening vormen. Vervolgens worden de foto's op de lichtbak van de geschiedschrijver gelegd. Wordings- en receptiegeschiedenis, vormvarianten en wisselende betekenissen worden doorgelicht en in hun bredere historische en fotografische context geplaatst. Kijken en zien veranderen
Persfotografie --- Fotomanipulatie --- Geschiedbronnen --- Historische kritiek --- Fotomanipulatie. --- Persfotografie. --- journalistiek --- fotografie --- history [discipline] --- photography [process] --- war photography --- journalistic photography --- oorlogsfotografie --- Journalism --- Photography --- World history --- anno 1800-1999 --- Pictorial works --- Images [Photographic ] --- Picture interpretation --- Visual perception --- Camera obscuras --- Iconography --- History as a science --- Geschiedenis --- Beeldcultuur --- Fotografie --- Beeldvorming --- Fotojournalistiek --- Media --- Pers --- Geschiedbron --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- Perswezen
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This book provides the first critical edition of Ibn al-Haytham’s On the Shape of the Eclipse with English translation and commentary, which records the first scientific analysis of the camera obscura. On the Shape of the Eclipse includes pioneering research on the conditions of formation of the image, in a time deemed to be committed to aniconism. It also provides an early attempt to merge the two branches of Ancient optics—the theory of light and theory of vision. What perhaps most strongly characterizes this treatise is the close interaction of a geometric analysis of light and experimental reasoning. Ibn al-Haytham conducted his experiments in a systematic way by varying all that could be changed: the shape and size of the aperture, the focal length of the camera obscura, the distance and shape of the celestial bodies. This way, he achieved a thorough understanding. This work represents a decisive step in both the history of optics and the application of the experimental method that was just as efficient in medieval Islam as today.
Mathematics. --- History. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Camera obscuras. --- Camera obscura --- Image transmission --- Equipment and supplies --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science
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David Hockney rewrites the history of art, revealing the extraordinary ways in which the Old Masters used optical devices to produce their work.
History --- optics --- Painting --- camera lucidas --- optical instruments --- perspective [technique] --- camera obscuras --- painting techniques --- space [composition concept] --- art criticism --- camera obscura --- kunstbeschouwing --- schilderkunst --- projectie --- painting [image-making] --- Hockney, David --- Schilderkunst --- schilderen [kunst] --- kunstkritiek --- Drawing --- Optics and art --- Camera lucida --- Camera obscura --- CDL --- 75.02 --- Image transmission --- Art and optics --- Art --- Technique&delete& --- Equipment and supplies --- Drawings --- Sketching --- Graphic arts --- Illustration of books --- Manual training --- Oil painting --- Painting, Primitive --- Paintings --- Technique
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