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"This book assesses the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), examining both implementation and compliance. Humans are causing a biodiversity crisis, where one million species are facing extinction. Species are dying, in no small part, because they are overexploited, poached and trafficked and CITES is the main international instrument designed to protect traded wildlife. Does the state of the world's species mean CITES is failing? This book explores the implementation of and compliance with CITES by all one hundred and eighty-three member countries. It is imperative we know the nature and extent of the implementation of and compliance with CITES legislation in all parties to fully understand the impact of legal and illegal trade on species survival. Through extensive legislative content analysis, a Delphi iterative survey, and semi-structured interviews, this is the first book to share empirical research about CITES implementation and compliance. This book contains a comprehensive analysis of the state of CITES, what is done well, what could be done better, and what the future might bring to try to curtail the slide of the world's wildlife into extinction. By identifying lessons learned in relation to CITES legislation, implementation and compliance this book provides hard evidence to member countries as to how their own practice can be improved. This timely book will be essential reading for students and academics interested in wildlife law, trade and trafficking, green criminology and biodiversity conservation more broadly. It will also be of interest to professionals working in wildlife law enforcement"

Wildlife conservation --- Law and legislation. --- Environmental law --- Endangered species --- Wild animal trade --- Wildlife crimes. --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora --- Bin lin jue zhong ye sheng dong zhi wu guo ji mao yi gong yue --- Bin wei ye sheng dong zhi wu zhong guo ji mao yi gong yue (1973 March 3) --- C.I.T.E.S. --- CITES --- Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction --- Nesli Tehlike Altındaki Doğal Bitki ve Hayvanların Uluslararası Ticaretini Düzenleyen Anlaşma --- Übereinkommen über den internationalen Handel mit gefährdeten Arten freilebender Tiere und Pflanzen --- Washington Convention --- Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommen --- Law and legislation

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International conventions designed to combat global environmental problems -- known as Multilateral Environmental Agreements or MEAs -- often use trade measures, among other instruments. But in fact the term trade measures covers a variety of provisions, ranging from simple reporting requirements of transboundary movements to the use of trade sanctions imposed to change a country’s environmental behaviour. MEA use of trade measures has not been without controversy in both trade policy and environment policy circles. In order to try and disentangle the various strands of this important set of trade and environment issues, the OECD Joint Session of Trade and Environment Experts focused on the actual experience with the use of trade measures in three universally subscribed MEAs -- CITES (on endangered species), the Montreal Protocol (on ozone layer depleting substances) and the Basel Convention (on hazardous wastes). Whilst the case studies unsurprisingly reveal varying experiences, common issues and main themes, as well as a series of lessons learned, could nonetheless be drawn together from the case study analyses and have been assembled in the concluding chapter of this volume.

Trade --- Environment --- Commercial treaties --- International trade --- International Commerce --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Environmental aspects --- International cooperation --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Trade agreements (Commerce) --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Competition, International --- Foreign trade regulation --- Treaties --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Commercial treaties. --- International cooperation. --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora --- Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer --- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal --- Convenio de Basilea sobre el Control de los Movimientos Transfronterizos de los Desechos Peligrosos y Su Eliminación --- Montreal Protocol --- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer --- Bin lin jue zhong ye sheng dong zhi wu guo ji mao yi gong yue --- Bin wei ye sheng dong zhi wu zhong guo ji mao yi gong yue (1973 March 3) --- C.I.T.E.S. --- CITES --- Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction --- Nesli Tehlike Altındaki Doğal Bitki ve Hayvanların Uluslararası Ticaretini Düzenleyen Anlaşma --- Übereinkommen über den internationalen Handel mit gefährdeten Arten freilebender Tiere und Pflanzen --- Washington Convention --- Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommen --- Trade Environmental Agreements

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This book examines the legality, adequacy and efficacy of using the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) for commercially-exploited fish species and assesses whether the existing institutional cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) is efficient. This case-study also provides an interesting lens to approaching wider international law issues. Indeed, finding ways to achieve effective governance of transboundary or global natural resources is central to the peaceful use of oceans and land. Furthermore, the role of science in advising decision-makers is a sensitive issue, which deserves scrutiny and is similar in many regimes. Finally, the complex problem of fragmentation of international law is acute in various fields of environmental law, as in all rapidly developing areas of international regulations.<.

Law. --- Law of the sea. --- International law. --- International environmental law. --- Environmental law. --- Environmental policy. --- Sustainable development. --- Law of the Sea, Air and Outer Space. --- International Environmental Law. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Sustainable Development. --- Fishery law and legislation. --- Marine resources conservation. --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora --- Conservation of marine resources --- Marine conservation --- Marine environmental protection --- Marine protection --- Fish law --- Fisheries --- Fishery regulations --- Fishing --- Fishing regulations --- Law, Fishery --- Law and legislation --- Bin lin jue zhong ye sheng dong zhi wu guo ji mao yi gong yue --- Bin wei ye sheng dong zhi wu zhong guo ji mao yi gong yue (1973 March 3) --- C.I.T.E.S. --- CITES --- Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction --- Nesli Tehlike Altındaki Doğal Bitki ve Hayvanların Uluslararası Ticaretini Düzenleyen Anlaşma --- Übereinkommen über den internationalen Handel mit gefährdeten Arten freilebender Tiere und Pflanzen --- Washington Convention --- Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommen --- Aquatic resources conservation --- Marine pollution --- International law --- Territorial waters --- Water --- Wildlife conservation --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Environmental aspects --- Environment and state --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- International environmental law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- High seas, Jurisdiction over --- Marine law --- Ocean --- Ocean law --- Sea, Law of the --- Maritime law --- Government policy