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Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ --- Ikhwan al-Safa' --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ. --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ, Basra --- Ichwán es-Safâ --- Ikhvān al-Ṣafā --- Aḥim ha-neʼemanim --- Ihwān al-Safaʼ --- Frères de la Pureté --- Frères de la Sincérité --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā, wa-Khillān al-Wafā, wa-Ahl al-ʻAdl, wa-Abnāʼ al-Ḥamd --- Exvān al-Ṣafā --- Pure Brethren of Basra --- إخوان الصفا --- إخوان الصفاء، البصرة --- اخوان الصفاء --- اخوان صفا --- Brethren of Purity --- Ikhvan as-safa

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Sufis --- Soufis --- Biography. --- Biographies --- Rabi'ah al-'Adawiyah, --- 297*2 --- Soefisme --- 297*2 Soefisme --- Rābiʻah al-ʻAdawīyah, --- Rabi`a al-`Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya --- Sufism --- Biography --- Rābiʻa al-ʻAdawīya, --- Rabiʻa al-ʻAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya, --- Rābiʻah ʻAdavīyah, --- Rabiʻah al-ʻAdawīyah bint Ismāʻīl, Umm al-Khayr, --- Rabiah Basri, --- Rābiaha Basarī, --- Umm al-Khayr bint Ismāʻīl, --- رابعة العدوية --- رابعة العدوية، --- رابعه عدويه --- Baṣrah (Iraq) --- Al Baṣrah (Iraq) --- Basra (Iraq) --- بصرة (Iraq) --- Bassora (Iraq) --- Bassorah (Iraq) --- Bassra (Iraq) --- Busra (Iraq) --- Busrah (Iraq) --- Bussorah (Iraq) --- Sufis - Iraq - Basrah - Biography --- Soufisme --- Rabia al-adawiyya

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Islam emerged amid flourishing Christian and Jewish cultures, yet students of Antiquity and the Middle Ages mostly ignore it. Despite intensive study of late Antiquity over the last fifty years, even generous definitions of this period have reached only the eighth century, whereas Islam did not mature sufficiently to compare with Christianity or rabbinic Judaism until the tenth century. Before and After Muhammad suggests a new way of thinking about the historical relationship between the scriptural monotheisms, integrating Islam into European and West Asian history. Garth Fowden identifies the whole of the First Millennium--from Augustus and Christ to the formation of a recognizably Islamic worldview by the time of the philosopher Avicenna--as the proper chronological unit of analysis for understanding the emergence and maturation of the three monotheistic faiths across Eurasia. Fowden proposes not just a chronological expansion of late Antiquity but also an eastward shift in the geographical frame to embrace Iran. In Before and After Muhammad, Fowden looks at Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alongside other important developments in Greek philosophy and Roman law, to reveal how the First Millennium was bound together by diverse exegetical traditions that nurtured communities and often stimulated each other.

Civilization, Ancient. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Frühmittelalter. --- Islam. --- Islamic civilization. --- Monotheism --- Periodisierung. --- Religion and civilization --- Spätantike. --- History --- Eurasia --- History. --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Ancient --- Islamic civilization --- Civilisation médiévale --- Civilisation ancienne --- Religion et civilisation --- Civilisation islamique --- Islamic influences --- Influence islamique --- Religions. --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Comparative religion --- Denominations, Religious --- Religion, Comparative --- Religions, Comparative --- Religious denominations --- World religions --- Civilization --- Gods --- Religion --- Abbasids. --- Achaemenids. --- Alois Riegl. --- America. --- Aristotelianism. --- Aristotle. --- Asia. --- Baghdad. --- Basra. --- Brethren of Purity. --- Christian Bible. --- Christian Rome. --- Christianity. --- East Rome. --- Edward Gibbon. --- Eurasia. --- Eurasian Hinge. --- Europe. --- First Millennium. --- Greece. --- Greek philosophy. --- Henri Pirenne. --- Ibn Sīnā. --- Iran. --- Josef Strzygowski. --- Judaism. --- Justinianic code. --- Latin Europe. --- Manicheism. --- Mazdaism. --- Mediterranean. --- Mountain Arena. --- Muhammad. --- North America. --- Peter Brown. --- Pisa. --- Qur'āan. --- Roman law. --- Tūs. --- Umayyads. --- archaeology. --- architectural history. --- art. --- commonwealths. --- empires. --- exegesis. --- late Antiquity. --- late antique studies. --- monotheism. --- patristic Christianity. --- philosophy. --- rabbinic Judaism. --- salvation. --- translation. --- To 1500 --- Asia --- Europe

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Edinburgh University Press will publish two self-contained guides to reading al-Jahiz that also shed light on his society and its writings. This first volume, 'In Praise of Books', is devoted to bibliomania and al-Jahiz's bibliophilia. Volume 2, In Censure of Books, explores Al-Jahiz's bibliophobia. Al-Jahiz was a bibliomaniac, theologian, and spokesman for the political and cultural elite, a writer who lived, counselled and wrote in Iraq during the first century of the 'Abbasid caliphate. He advised, argued and rubbed shoulders with the major power brokers and leading religious and intellect

Books and reading --- Arabic literature --- LITERARY CRITICISM --- RELIGION --- Arabic literature. --- Books and reading. --- Intellectual life. --- History and criticism --- African. --- Islam --- General. --- Jāḥiẓ, --- J†a•hi•z, --- 750-1258. --- Islamic Empire --- Islamic Empire. --- Literary criticism --- Religion --- Bibliophilie. --- Literature. --- History and criticism. --- Jāḥiẓ, --- Arabic language -- Lexicography. --- Jāhiz, d. 868 or 9. --- Abou Othman Amr ibn Bahr al-Djahiz de Basra, --- Abu Osman Amr ibn Bakhr alʹ-Basri alʹ-Dzhakhiz, --- Abū ʻUthmān ʻAmr bin Baḥr al-Fuqaymī al-Baḥrī, --- Abū ʻUthman ʻAmr ibn Baḥr al-Jāḥiẓ, --- Cāḥiẓ, Ebū ʻOs̲mān ʻAmr bin Baḥr, --- Djâh̲iz̲, --- Dzhakhiz, --- Ebu Osman Amr bin Bahr bin Mahbub bin Fezâre, --- Ǧāḥiẓ, --- Jahidh, Amr ibn Bahr, --- Jāḥiẓ, Abū ʻUthman ibn Baḥr, --- Jāḥiẓ, ʻAmr ibn Baḥr, --- Ŷāḥiẓ, --- أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الجاحظ --- الجاحظ --- الجاحظ ، عمرو بن بحر --- الجاحظ، --- الجاهظ --- جاحظ --- جاحظ، --- جاحظ، عمرو بن بحر --- جاهظ --- حاحظ --- عثمان عمر و بن بحر --- عمرو بن بحر الجاحظ --- غازي