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One of the central problems in the history of moral and political philosophy since antiquity has been to explain how human society and its civil institutions came into being. In attempting to solve this problem philosophers developed the idea of natural law, which for many centuries was used to describe the system of fundamental, rational principles presumed universally to govern human behavior in society. By the eighteenth century the doctrine of natural law had engendered the related doctrine of natural rights, which gained reinforcement most famously in the American and French revolutions. According to this view, human society arose through the association of individuals who might have chosen to live alone in scattered isolation and who, in coming together, were regarded as entering into a social contract.In this important early essay, first published in English in this definitive translation in 1975 and now returned to print, Hegel utterly rejects the notion that society is purposely formed by voluntary association. Indeed, he goes further than this, asserting in effect that the laws brought about in various countries in response to force, accident, and deliberation are far more fundamental than any law of nature supposed to be valid always and everywhere. In expounding his view Hegel not only dispenses with the empiricist explanations of Hobbes, Hume, and others but also, at the heart of this work, offers an extended critique of the so-called formalist positions of Kant and Fichte.

Natural law --- Natural law. --- Law of nature --- Natural rights --- Nature, Law of --- Rights, Natural --- Law --- Law of nature (Law) --- Nature, Law of (Law)

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Over his long and illustrious career, Knud Haakonssen has explored the role of natural law in formulating doctrines of obligation and rights in accordance with the interests of early modern polities and churches. These 13 new essays acknowledge Haakonssen's immense academic achievement and give us new insights in this field.

Natural law --- Law of nature (Law) --- Natural rights --- Nature, Law of (Law) --- Rights, Natural --- Law

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To understand our current world crises, it is essential to study the origins of the systems and institutions we now take for granted. This book takes a novel approach to charting intellectual, scientific and philosophical histories alongside the development of the international legal order by studying the philosophy and theology of the Scientific Revolution and its impact on European natural law, political liberalism and political economy. Starting from analysis of the work of Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle and John Locke on natural law, the author incorporates a holistic approach that encompasses global legal matters beyond the foundational matters of treaties and diplomacy. The monograph promotes a sustainable transformation of international law in the context of related philosophy, history and theology. Tackling issues such as nature, money, necessities, human nature, secularism and epistemology, which underlie natural lawyers' thinking, Associate Professor García-Salmones explains their enduring relevance for international legal studies today.

Natural law --- History --- Law of nature (Law) --- Natural rights --- Nature, Law of (Law) --- Rights, Natural --- Law

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This collection of essays is dedicated to the memory of the late Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick, who died in 2002. The publication of Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia in 1974 revived serious interest in natural rights liberalism, which, beginning in the latter half of the eighteenth century, had been eclipsed by a succession of antithetical political theories including utilitarianism, progressivism, and various egalitarian and collectivist ideologies. Some of our contributors critique Nozick's political philosophy. Other contributors examine earlier figures in the liberal tradition, most notably John Locke, whose Second Treatise of Government, published in the late seventeenth century, profoundly influenced the American founders. The remaining authors analyze natural rights liberalism's central doctrines.

Droit naturel --- Law of nature --- Natural law --- Natural rights --- Nature [Law of ] --- Natuurrecht --- Recht [Natuur] --- Rights [Natural ] --- Human rights --- Liberalism --- Natural law. --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Arts and Humanities --- Law of nature (Law) --- Nature, Law of (Law) --- Rights, Natural --- Law

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Natural law --- Law of nature --- Natural rights --- Nature, Law of --- Rights, Natural --- Law --- -Philosophy --- Natural law. --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Jurisprudence --- Law of nature (Law) --- Nature, Law of (Law) --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law, Politics & Government