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Holy Cross --- Theology --- Sainte Croix --- Théologie --- Legends --- History --- Légendes --- Histoire --- -Theology --- -Christian theology --- Theology, Christian --- Christianity --- Religion --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- -Holy Cross --- Holy Cross. --- Legends. --- -Legends --- Théologie --- Légendes

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Liability and Environment analyzes the role of law, in particular civil liability, in controlling environmental pollution and risk. In modern environmental policy, liability has become a popular instrument. In this book, Prof. Bergkamp takes a fresh look at civil liability for environmental harm in an inter- and transnational context. Over the last decade, industry's liability exposure for environmental harm has expanded significantly. At the international, EC, and national level proposals for onerous strict environmental liability regimes are pending. The `polluter pays principle', which is an articulation of the `cost internalization' theory in the environmental area, is believed to justify such liability regimes. Applying an instrumental approach to legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp aims to redefine the role of liability in the heavily regulated environmental area. He shows that liability for environmental harm is not justified by the polluter pays principle, is an uncertain and unreliable instrument for achieving prevention, results in an inefficient insurance scheme, and plays a dubious role in adjusting activity levels. Based on an analysis of the basic characteristics of alternative legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp concludes that civil liability should play a more modest, limited role in an environmental law system dominated by public law. Where deterrence is not the objective, first party insurance, compensation funds, or other public law regimes should be preferred over liability rules. In addition to civil liability of private parties, Liability and Environment discusses State liability under international, EC, and national law. Under international law, breach of a primary obligation triggers a State's liability. Prof. Bergkamp argues that this rule should be applied also to liability of private parties. In the environmental area, a business' primary obligations are spelled out in detailed permit conditions, regulations, and statutes. According to Prof. Bergkamp, only if a primary obligation is breached, a private person should be liable for environmental harm. The system that Bergkamp advocates is an objective fault liability regime, in which public environmental law defines the standard of care for both government and industry. "In rebuilding our civil liability system, we should keep in mind that what is good for industry should be good for everyone (or it is not good for anyone), we should keep in mind that what is good for private parties should be good for the state (or it is not good for either). In rebuilding our civil liability system, the international law of State responsibility, which is unpolluted by risk spreading and activity level considerations, will guide us a long way." This book is aimed at advanced law students, academic scholars, and practitioners. In addition, it will be of interest to policy and legislative analysts, legislators, and government officials. Professor Bergkamp's book cannot be described as "solving" the problems of legal and regulatory control of environmental harm, whether within a nation or internationally. As suggested before, however, the very idea of a "solution" is illusory. All legal and regulatory regimes around the world are today and will remain for the future in a state of perpetually continuing development. The virtue of this fine book is that it moves the process of that development forward by a very substantial measure. from the Foreword by George L. Priest.

Environmental law --- Environmental law, International --- Liability (Law) --- Environnement --- Environnement (Droit international) --- Responsabilité (Droit) --- Droit --- Liability for environmental damages --- Responsabilité (Droit) --- Civil Liability --- Cross --- Environmental pollution --- Environmental damages, Liability for --- Torts --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Obligations (Law) --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- International environmental law --- International law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Feast of the Cross --- border damage --- Environmental aspects

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In the fourth century the idea arose that the Cross on which Christ was crucified had been found by Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine. Thus began a legend that would grow and flourish throughout the Middle Ages and cause the diffusion of countless splinters of holy wood. And where there is wood, there was once a tree. Could it be that the Cross was made from that most noble species, the Tree of Life? So, gathering characters along the way, the legend evolved into a tale that stretches from the Creation to the End of Time. A Heritage of Holy Wood is the first reconstruction of the iconographic and literary tradition of the Legend of the True Cross. Its broad scope encompasses relic cults, pilgrimages, travellers' tales and the Tree of Life and involves Church Fathers, crusader kings, Teutonic Knights and mendicant orders, all of which influenced the legend's depiction from its earliest representation in manuscripts, reliquaries and altarpieces, to the great monumental cycles of the high Middle Ages. If the holy wood was the medium of medieval memory, A Heritage of Holy Wood reveals the growth rings of fifteen centuries of imagery.

Holy Cross --- Art, Byzantine. --- Art, Medieval. --- Legends --- Art [Byzantine ] --- Art [Medieval ] --- Art byzantin --- Art médiéval --- Byzantijnse kunst --- Byzantine art --- Kunst [Byzantijnse ] --- Kunst [Middeleeuwse ] --- Medieval art --- Middeleeuwse kunst --- Iconography --- Christian church history --- Christian special devotions --- anno 500-1499 --- 091.31:7.04 --- 246 --- Academic collection --- 091.31:7.04 Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- Christelijke kunst en symbolisme --- Religion Art in Christianity --- Art, Byzantine --- Art, Medieval --- Sainte Croix --- Art médiéval --- Art --- Légendes --- Christian art and symbolism --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Art. --- Holy Cross - Legends - Art.

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Iconography --- Christian special devotions --- anno 500-1499 --- Crosses --- Holy Cross in literature --- Holy Cross in art --- Christian literature, Latin (Medieval and modern) --- Christian art and symbolism --- Croix --- Sainte Croix dans la littérature --- Sainte Croix dans l'art --- Littérature chrétienne latine médiévale et moderne --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Cult --- History --- Culte --- Histoire --- Holy Cross --- Art, Byzantine. --- Art, Medieval. --- Legends --- 7.046.3 --- 246.5 --- 091.31:7.04 --- Art, Byzantine --- Art, Medieval --- -Academic collection --- Iconografie ; christelijke ; Heilig Kruis ; Heilig Hout ; Kruislegende --- 7.045 --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Medieval art --- Byzantine art --- Iconografie: religieuze voorstellingen --- Emblematiek. Iconologie. Christelijke iconografie. Dodendans --- Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- Iconografie ; symbolen, allegorieën, emblemen --- 091.31:7.04 Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- 246.5 Emblematiek. Iconologie. Christelijke iconografie. Dodendans --- 7.046.3 Iconografie: religieuze voorstellingen --- Sainte Croix dans la littérature --- Littérature chrétienne latine médiévale et moderne --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Academic collection --- #GBIB:SMM --- Holy Cross - Legends - Art. --- History.

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The Ethiopian Orthodox Church's Tradition on the Holy Cross' is a volume that combines both ancient and derived Ethiopic literature on the Cross. The work brings together all the major sources from manuscripts preserved in different monasteries and edited and translated into English. The sources include homilies by Minas bishop of Aksum, John Chrysostom, James of Sarug, as well as a number of anonymous authors, all translated from Greek during the Aksumite era. The derived literature includes works by the famous men of the pen, including the fifteenth-century 'Abba' Giyorgis of Sägla and Emperor Zär'a Ya'eqob. Poetic hymns to the Cross constitute a part of the collection, one of these being glorification of the Cross by 'Abba' Bahrey, author of several important works.

Holy Cross --- Jesus Christ --- Crucifixion --- YaʼItyop̣yā ʼortodoks tawāḥedo béta kerestiyān --- Doctrines --- Holy Cross. --- Crucifixion. --- YaʼItyop̣yā ʼortodoks tawāḥedo béta kerestiyān --- Doctrines. --- Ethiopie --- Croix --- Jesus Christ - Crucifixion --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Christ --- Cristo --- Jezus Chrystus --- Jesus Cristo --- Jesus, --- Christ, Jesus --- Yeh-su --- Masīḥ --- Khristos --- Gesù --- Christo --- Yeshua --- Chrystus --- Gesú Cristo --- Ježíš --- Isa, --- Nabi Isa --- Isa Al-Masih --- Al-Masih, Isa --- Masih, Isa Al --- -Jesus, --- Jesucristo --- Yesu --- Yeh-su Chi-tu --- Iēsous --- Iēsous Christos --- Iēsous, --- Kʻristos --- Hisus Kʻristos --- Christos --- Jesuo --- Yeshuʻa ben Yosef --- Yeshua ben Yoseph --- Iisus --- Iisus Khristos --- Jeschua ben Joseph --- Ieso Kriʻste --- Yesus --- Kristus --- ישו --- ישו הנוצרי --- ישו הנצרי --- ישוע --- ישוע בן יוסף --- المسيح --- مسيح --- يسوع المسيح --- 耶稣 --- 耶稣基督 --- 예수그리스도 --- Jíizis --- Yéshoua --- Iėsu̇s --- Khrist Iėsu̇s --- ‏عيسىٰ‏ --- Ya'Ityoopya 'ortodoks tawaohedo beta kerestiyan