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This book details the rigorous requirements for refractories designed for aluminium metallurgical processes: reduction, cast house, and anode production. The author describes requirements specific to the properties and structure of refractory materials that differentiate it from the refractories for ferrous metallurgy, among others. A comparison is drawn between the properties and structure of refractories and carbon cathode materials from different points of view: from the perspective of physical chemistry and chemical interactions during the metallurgical process and from the aspect of designing reduction pots and furnaces to accommodate the lifetime of metallurgical aggregates that are a part of aluminum refractory processes.

Materials science. --- Physical chemistry. --- Building materials. --- Metals. --- Materials Science. --- Metallic Materials. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Building Materials. --- Aluminum --- Finishing. --- Aluminum finishing --- Materials. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Building construction. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy

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This book focuses on the diversity of yeasts in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including the association of yeasts with insects, invertebrate and vertebrate animals. It offers an overview of the knowledge accumulated in the course of more than 60 years of research and is closely connected with the volume Yeasts in Natural Ecosystems: Ecology by the same editors. In view of the rapid decline of many natural habitats due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, the need to study biodiversity is pressing. Rising temperatures threaten species inhabiting cold and aquatic environments, and species in terrestrial ecosystems are endangered by habitat fragmentation or loss. Most of our knowledge of intrinsic properties (autoecology) of yeasts reported throughout this book is derived from laboratory experiments with pure cultures. Accordingly, the importance of culture collections for ecological studies is highlighted by presenting an overview of worldwide available yeast strains and their origins. All of the chapters were written by leading international yeast research experts, and will appeal to researchers and advanced students in the field of microbial diversity.

Life sciences. --- Microbial ecology. --- Microbiology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Life sciences --- Research. --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental microbiology --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering