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Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes), also known as vape devices or by trade names such as JUUL, are handheld devices that aerosolize liquid commonly containing nicotine, humectants and flavorings. Used by 1 in 5 high school students in 2020, they are the most common tobacco product used by youth. E-cigarette use has been associated with a variety of health issues such as nicotine addiction, e-cigarette or vaping associated lung illness (EVALI), seizures, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This first-of-its-kind book begins with an introduction and background on the historical context of tobacco products. The next chapters provide an overview of the e-cigarette landscape and reviews the e-cigarette devices and solutions and the evolution of these products. This is followed by reviews of the health effects of e-cigarettes on users and non-users and includes recommendations for prevention and treatment of youth e-cigarette use. The last few chapters address the public health impact of e-cigarettes with a review of the evidence of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation. The book closes with policy and advocacy approaches and a resource page. E-cigarette and vape device use pose a public health crisis. This book contains succinct practical information and is a key reference for pediatricians as well as clinicians of all specialities. It also serves as a resource for health professionals, including tobacco dependence treatment providers and public health experts.

Pediatrics. --- Respiratory organs—Diseases. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Electronic cigarettes. --- Teenagers --- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. --- Vaping. --- Adolescent. --- Child. --- Tobacco use. --- E-Cigarettes --- E-Cigs --- E-Cig --- E-Cigarette --- Electronic Cigarette --- Electronic Cigarettes --- Electronic Nicotine Delivery System --- Cigarette, Electronic --- Cigarettes, Electronic --- E Cig --- E Cigarette --- E Cigarettes --- E Cigs --- Adolescents --- Teen-agers --- Teens --- Young adults (Teenagers) --- Youth --- E-cigarettes --- Electronic nicotine delivery systems --- Cigarettes --- E-Cig Use --- E-Cigarette Use --- Electronic Cigarette Use --- Vape --- ECig Use --- Ecigarette Use --- Nicotine Vaping --- THC Vaping --- Cigarette Use, Electronic --- E Cig Use --- E Cigarette Use --- E-Cig Uses --- E-Cigarette Uses --- ECig Uses --- Ecigarette Uses --- Electronic Cigarette Uses --- Nicotine Vapings --- THC Vapings --- Use, E-Cig --- Use, E-Cigarette --- Use, ECig --- Use, Ecigarette --- Use, Electronic Cigarette --- Uses, Ecigarette --- Vapes --- Vaping, Nicotine --- Vaping, THC --- Vapings, Nicotine --- Vapings, THC --- E-Cigarette Vapor --- Minors --- Adolescents, Female --- Adolescents, Male --- Adolescence --- Adolescent, Female --- Adolescent, Male --- Female Adolescent --- Female Adolescents --- Male Adolescent --- Male Adolescents --- Teen --- Teenager --- Youths --- Electronic cigarettes --- Health aspects. --- Cigarretes electròniques --- Pipes per a tabac --- Fumadors --- Hàbit de fumar --- Addicció al tabac --- Consum de tabac --- Tabaquisme --- Abús de substàncies --- Conducta compulsiva --- Hàbit --- Cigarretes --- Hàbit de fumar en l'embaràs --- Tabac --- Persones --- Joves --- Adolescents maltractats --- Noies adolescents --- Nois adolescents --- Migrants adolescents --- Infants --- Psicoteràpia dels adolescents --- Psiquiatria de l'adolescència --- Cigarreta electrònica --- E-cigarretes

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Handbook of Biofuels Production, Second Edition, discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage. Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels production plants. The book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technology. Key changes for this second edition include increased coverage of emerging feedstocks, including microalgae, more emphasis on by-product valorization for biofuels’ production, additional chapters on emerging biofuel production methods, and discussion of the emissions associated with biofuel use in engines. The editorial team is strengthened by the addition of two extra members, and a number of new contributors have been invited to work with authors from the first edition to revise existing chapters, thus offering fresh perspectives. Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies being used for biofuel production Discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage Reviews the production of both first and second generation biofuels Addresses integrated biofuel production in biorefineries and the use of waste materials as feedstocks

Biomass energy. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Biomass as fuel --- Renewable fuels --- Renewable energy sources

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