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This book illuminates the connections and interaction among women and between women and men during the medieval period. To do this, Kathryn L. Reyerson focuses specifically on the experiences of Agnes de Bossones, widow of a changer of the mercantile elite of Montpellier. Agnes was a real estate mogul and a patron of philanthropic institutions that permitted lower strata women to survive and thrive in a mature urban economy of the period before 1350. Notably, Montpellier was a large urban center in southern France. Linkages stretched horizontally and vertically in this robust urban environment, mitigating the restrictions of patriarchy and the constraints of gender. Using the story of Agnes de Bossones as a vehicle to larger discussions about gender, this book highlights the undeniable impact that networks had on women’s mobility and navigation within a restrictive medieval society.

History. --- France --- Europe --- Literature, Medieval. --- History of Medieval Europe. --- Medieval Literature. --- History of France. --- History—476-1492. --- Women --- History --- Social networks --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Europe-History-476-1492. --- France-History. --- European literature --- Medieval literature --- Europe—History—476-1492. --- France—History. --- Gay culture Europe --- 476-1492.

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Medieval commercial transactions did not occur spontaneously. They were crafted by merchants with the support of numerous personnel on the medieval marketplace: notaries, innkeepers, brokers, transporters, and subordinate personnel of the merchant's entourage. This study introduces the reader to the challenges of trade in the Mediterranean world and to specific market conditions in the Mediterranean French town of Montpellier. A case study of the business of the Cabanis merchants permits an in-depth examination of the facilitation of trade by intermediaries whose activities are traced in the discovery phase of arranging a deal and in its closing and execution. Medieval business practice involved multiple layers of personnel. The complexities of medieval trade are revealed in the new emphasis given to those who assisted merchants in their commercial endeavors.

Montpellier (France) --- Commerce --- History. --- History of France --- anno 1200-1499 --- Montpellier --- History --- Montpellier (France) - Commerce - History. --- commerce --- Middle Ages

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In the late 1320s, Martha de Cabanis was widowed with three young sons, eleven, eight, and four years of age. Her challenges would be many: to raise and train her children to carry on their father's business; to preserve that business until they were ready to take over; and to look after her own financial well-being. Examining the visible trail Martha left in Montpellier's notarial registers and other records, Kathryn L. Reyerson reveals a wealth of information about her activities, particularly in the area of business, commerce, and real estate. From these formal, contractual documents, Reyerson gleans something of Martha's personality and reconstructs what she may have done, and a good deal of what she actually did, in her various roles of daughter, wife, mother, and widow. Mother and Sons, Inc. demonstrates that while women were hardly equal to men in the fourteenth century, under the right conditions afforded by wealth and the status of widowhood, they could do and did more than many have thought. Within the space of twenty years, Martha developed a complex real estate fortune, enlarged a cloth manufacturing business and trading venture, and provided for the support and education of her sons. Just how the widow Martha maneuvered within the legal constraints of her social, economic, and personal status forms the heart of the book's investigation.

Women merchants --- Widows --- Guardian and ward --- Guardianships --- Tutelage --- Wards --- Domestic relations --- Trusts and trustees --- Conservatorships --- Interdiction (Civil law) --- Market women --- Businesswomen --- Merchants --- Marital status --- Women --- History --- Law and legislation --- Cabanis, Martha de, --- Montpellier (France) --- Economic conditions. --- Cabanis, de, Martha --- Montpellier

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This volume deals with the evolution of urban and rural communities in Provence and Languedoc in the high and late Middle Ages. Contributions by thirteen French, American, and Canadian scholars address recent insights in historical research and suggest directions for future investigation. The urban and rural worlds are treated separately in studies of the growth of communities in their political, topographical, social, and economic dimensions. Then the intersection of these worlds is explored through the intricate interrelations of town and country in these regions. Notarial registers are particularly rich sources of evidence for these scholars who are mindful of the southern French tradition of Roman and written law which underpinned both urban and rural institutions as they emerged in the course of the medieval period.

Villages --- Cities and towns, Medieval --- Villes médiévales --- History --- Histoire --- Provence (France) --- Languedoc (France) --- Social conditions --- Rural conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Conditions rurales --- Social history --- Congresses --- Languedoc France) --- 944.81 --- 944.91 --- 944.02 --- -Cities and towns, Medieval --- -Social history --- -Villages --- -Hamlets (Villages) --- Village government --- Cities and towns --- Descriptive sociology --- Sociology --- Medieval cities and towns --- Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Languedoc-Roussillon: Lozère; Gard; Hérault; Aude; Pyrenées orientales--(reg./lok.) --- Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: Hautes Alpes; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; Alpes maritimes; Var; Bouches-du-Rhone; Vaucluse--(reg./lok.) --- Geschiedenis van Frankrijk--(987-1589) --- -Congresses --- -Provence (France) --- -Social conditions --- Congresses. --- 944.02 Geschiedenis van Frankrijk--(987-1589) --- 944.91 Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: Hautes Alpes; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; Alpes maritimes; Var; Bouches-du-Rhone; Vaucluse--(reg./lok.) --- 944.81 Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Languedoc-Roussillon: Lozère; Gard; Hérault; Aude; Pyrenées orientales--(reg./lok.) --- -Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Languedoc-Roussillon: Lozère; Gard; Hérault; Aude; Pyrenées orientales--(reg./lok.) --- -Cities and towns --- Hamlets (Villages) --- Villes médiévales --- History&delete& --- Prouince (France) --- Province (France) --- Provenza (France) --- Provence-Côte d'Azur (France) --- Social history - Medieval, 500-1500 - Congresses --- Villages - France - Provence - History - Congresses --- Villages - France - Languedoc - History - Congresses --- Cities and towns, Medieval - France - Provence - History - Congresses --- Cities and towns, Medieval - France - Languedoc - History - Congresses --- Provence (France) - Social conditions - Congresses --- Languedoc (France) - Social conditions - Congresses --- History.

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Cet ouvrage étudie les rapports entre la solitude et l'expression des solidarités familiales à la fin du Moyen Âge, dans le cadre urbain de Montpellier. La solitude en milieu urbain est un champ de recherche contemporain, porté en particulier par la sociologie. Les sociétés urbaines médiévales comptaient aussi leur lot de solitaires : enfants orphelins et abandonnés, immigrants à la recherche d'une vie meilleure, veufs et veuves, personnes âgées isolées. Le contexte de la deuxième moitié du XIVe siècle, avec ses épidémies de peste récurrentes et les ravages causés par la guerre de Cent Ans aggrave le phénomène. Étudiée dans le cadre de la ville de Montpellier, des années 1250 à la fin du XVe siècle, à partir d'archives consulaires, fiscales et testamentaires, la solitude se révèle comme un phénomène fréquent : nombreuses sont les personnes seules dans l'espace urbain. La solitude apparaît sous de multiples formes et se manifeste tout au long du cours de la vie des individus, entrecoupant les cycles de développement familiaux. Or, entre la vie en solitaire et l'isolement social existe toute une palette de situations personnelles, dont on ne peut saisir la complexité que par l'étude des solidarités, recherchées par les personnes seules ou spontanément offertes par des parents, des amis, qui viennent pallier la solitude.--

Einsamkeit. --- Gemeinschaft. --- Isolation --- Manners and customs. --- Mittelalter. --- Solidarität. --- To 1600. --- France --- France. --- Frankreich. --- Montpellier (France) --- Montpellier. --- Civilisation --- Social life and customs --- History --- Loneliness --- Montpellier --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Solidarity --- Social conditions --- Middle Ages, 500-1500