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Logic --- Philosophy of science --- Logical positivism. --- Logical positivism --- Logical empiricism --- Neo-empiricism --- Neo-positivism --- Physicalism --- Positivism, Logical --- Unity of science movement --- Language and logic --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Positivism --- Reductionism --- Relationism --- Science --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Verification (Empiricism) --- Vienna circle --- Philosophy

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Philosophy of science --- Realism --- Realisme --- Realisme (Filosofie) --- Réalisme --- Réalisme (Philosophie) --- Science --- Realism. --- Philosophy. --- -Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Empiricism --- Philosophy --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- -Philosophy --- Normal science --- Science - Philosophy.

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Many people assume that the claims of scientists are objective truths. But historians, sociologists, and philosophers of science have long argued that scientific claims reflect the particular historical, cultural, and social context in which those claims were made. The nature of scientific knowledge is not absolute because it is influenced by the practice and perspective of human agents. Scientific Perspectivism argues that the acts of observing and theorizing are both perspectival, and this nature makes scientific knowledge contingent, as Thomas Kuhn theorized forty years ago.