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For decades, conservation and research initiatives in tropical forests have focused almost exclusively on old-growth forests because scientists believed that these "pristine" ecosystems housed superior levels of biodiversity. With Second Growth, Robin L. Chazdon reveals those assumptions to be largely false, bringing to the fore the previously overlooked counterpart to old-growth forest: second growth. Even as human activities result in extensive fragmentation and deforestation, tropical forests demonstrate a great capacity for natural and human-aided regeneration. Although these damaged landscapes can take centuries to regain the characteristics of old growth, Chazdon shows here that regenerating-or second-growth-forests are vital, dynamic reservoirs of biodiversity and environmental services. What is more, they always have been. With chapters on the roles these forests play in carbon and nutrient cycling, sustaining biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber products, and integrated agriculture, Second Growth not only offers a thorough and wide-ranging overview of successional and restoration pathways, but also underscores the need to conserve, and further study, regenerating tropical forests in an attempt to inspire a new age of local and global stewardship.
Reforestation. --- Forest ecology. --- Forest ecosystems --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Forestation --- Reafforestation --- Forest conservation --- Revegetation --- Afforestation --- Tree planting --- Tropics --- Equatorial regions --- Equatorial zones --- Subtropical regions --- Subtropics --- Tropical regions --- Tropical zones --- Zones, Equatorial --- Zones, Tropical --- Earth (Planet) --- Ecology. --- Tropical forests --- Natural regeneration --- Deforestation --- History --- Regenerative ability --- Forest management --- forest, nature, regeneration, deforestation, environment, conservation, tropics, ecology, science, old growth, biodiversity, ecosystem, landscapes, carbon cycling, nutrients, succession, degradation, timber, agriculture, commodities, holocene, climate variability, global warming, nonfiction, stewardship, reforestation, hydrology, water, natural resources, hurricanes, fire, wind damage, riverbank, logging, animal abundance, hunter gatherer, soil, seed dispersal, pollination.
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What are the causes and consequences of species diversity in forested ecosystems, and how is this species diversity being affected by rapid environmental and climatic change, movement of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores into new biogeographic regions, and expanding human populations and associated shifts in land-use patterns? In this book, we explore these questions for assemblages of forest trees, shrubs, and understory herbs at spatial scales ranging from small plots to large forest dynamics plots, at temporal scales ranging from seasons to centuries, in both temperate and tropical regions, and across rural-to-urban gradients in land use.
gamma diversity --- tree species --- Climatic change --- individual species-area relationship --- woody species --- TILD --- trees --- Pseudotsuga menziesii --- windthrow --- precipitation --- species conservation --- spatial analysis --- codispersion analysis --- variation partitioning --- herbaceous perennial species --- northern hardwood forests --- climate change --- stand development --- potential habitats --- Smithsonian ForestGEO --- tree regeneration --- forest conversion --- Biodiversity Exploratories --- trunk breakage --- topography --- questionnaire survey --- mid-domain effect --- assemblage lineage diversity --- Salicaceae --- salvaging --- temperate forests --- Shannon diversity --- USDA Forest Service --- tree species diversity --- Bray-Curtis --- species-area relationship --- Ericaceae --- legacies --- Picea abies --- herbaceous layer --- spatial patterns --- mountains --- United States --- wind damage --- abundance --- Hubbard Brook --- elevational shifts --- uprooting --- species diversity --- evolutionary diversity --- Pinus sylvestris --- natural disturbance-based silviculture --- Vietnam --- diversity --- Maxent --- human footprint --- productivity --- China --- microarthropod --- phylogenetic diversity --- temperature --- household respondents --- succession --- biodiversity --- tornado --- salvage logging --- excess nitrogen --- climate --- forest management --- understory plant communities --- Simpson diversity --- species richness --- landscape scale --- structural complexity --- tropical evergreen mixed forest --- seasonal variations --- disturbance severity --- competition and facilitation --- canopy structure --- Fagus sylvatica
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- Water resources management should be assessed under climate change conditions, as historic data cannot replicate future climatic conditions. - Climate change impacts on water resources are bound to affect all water uses, i.e., irrigated agriculture, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental flow (of streams and rivers) and water level (of lakes). - Bottom-up approaches, i.e., the forcing of hydrologic simulation models with climate change models’ outputs, are the most common engineering practices and considered as climate-resilient water management approaches. - Hydrologic simulations forced by climate change scenarios derived from regional climate models (RCMs) can provide accurate assessments of the future water regime at basin scales. - Irrigated agriculture requires special attention as it is the principal water consumer and alterations of both precipitation and temperature patterns will directly affect agriculture yields and incomes. - Integrated water resources management (IWRM) requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, with climate change to be an emerging cornerstone in the IWRM concept.
California --- hydrologic regions --- warming --- drought --- regional climate modeling --- hydrological modeling --- bias correction --- multivariate --- pseudo reality --- rainfall --- trend analysis --- Mann–Kendall --- kriging interpolation --- multiple climate models --- standardized precipitation index (SPI) --- droughts --- weights --- Vu Gia-Thu Bon --- climate change --- optimal control --- geoengineering --- climate manipulation --- GCM --- RCM --- CMIP5 --- CORDEX --- climate model selection --- upper Indus basin --- NDVI --- ENSO --- wavelet --- time series analysis --- Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park --- Google Earth Engine --- Mediterranean climate --- cluster analysis --- objective classification --- ERA5 --- mega-fires --- Bayesian-model averaging --- model uncertainty --- climate-fire models --- Mono River watershed --- climate --- temperature --- heat wave --- excess heat factor --- acclimatization --- Greece --- precipitations --- Hurst exponent --- persistence --- spatial correlation --- Caucasian region --- Regional Climate Model --- climate classification --- bias correction methods --- precipitation --- terrestrial ecosystems --- GPP --- LAI --- CO2 fertilization effect --- feedback --- sassandra watershed --- Côte d’Ivoire --- boreal region --- extreme wind speed --- wind climate --- soil frost --- wind damage risk management --- wind multiplier --- downscaling --- topography --- surface roughness --- VIIRS --- MODIS --- OLCI --- RSB --- SNPP --- Terra --- Aqua --- Sentinel-3A --- reflective solar bands --- intersensor comparison --- intercalibration --- SNO --- climate indices --- climate change and Conakry
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