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Virtue epistemology. --- Knowledge, Theory of.

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The idea of a virtue has traditionally been important in ethics, but only recently has gained attention as an idea that can explain how we ought to form beliefs as well as how we ought to act. Moral philosophers and epistemologists have different approaches to the idea of intellectual virtue; here, Michael DePaul and Linda Zagzebski bring work from both fields together for the first time to address all of the important issues. It will be required reading for anyone working in either field. - ;Virtue ethics has attracted a lot of attention over the past few decades, and more recently there has

General ethics --- Theory of knowledge --- Virtue epistemology. --- Virtue. --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Speculative Philosophy --- Virtue epistemology --- Virtue --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Conduct of life --- Ethics --- Human acts

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In this book, Ernest Sosa explains the nature of knowledge through an approach originated by him years ago, known as virtue epistemology. Here he provides the first comprehensive account of his views on epistemic normativity as a form of performance normativity on two levels. On a first level is found the normativity of the apt performance, whose success manifests the performer's competence. On a higher level is found the normativity of the meta-apt performance, which manifests not necessarily first-order skill or competence but rather the reflective good judgment required for proper risk assessment. Sosa develops this bi-level account in multiple ways, by applying it to issues much disputed in recent epistemology: epistemic agency, how knowledge is normatively related to action, the knowledge norm of assertion, and the Meno problem as to how knowledge exceeds merely true belief. A full chapter is devoted to how experience should be understood if it is to figure in the epistemic competence that must be manifest in the truth of any belief apt enough to constitute knowledge. Another takes up the epistemology of testimony from the performance-theoretic perspective. Two other chapters are dedicated to comparisons with ostensibly rival views, such as classical internalist foundationalism, a knowledge-first view, and attributor contextualism. The book concludes with a defense of the epistemic circularity inherent in meta-aptness and thereby in the full aptness of knowing full well.

Virtue epistemology. --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Virtue epistemology --- AAA normativity. --- AAA structure. --- Meno problem. --- Meno. --- Plato. --- Platonic problems. --- Theaetus. --- apprehension. --- assertion. --- awareness. --- belief. --- bootstrapping. --- circularity. --- contextualism. --- contextualist fallacy. --- epistemic agency. --- epistemic circularity. --- epistemic faculties. --- epistemic normativity. --- epistemic performances. --- epistemology. --- experience. --- experiential states. --- human knowledge. --- ignorance. --- interlocutors. --- knowledge first. --- knowledge. --- meta-aptness. --- normativity. --- perceptual knowledge. --- performance aims. --- performance based. --- performance normativity. --- proper action. --- propositional experience. --- radical knowledge. --- relevant alternatives. --- sensa. --- sense data. --- sensory experience. --- skeptic. --- testimonial knowledge. --- testimonies. --- testimony. --- threshold setting. --- traditional knowledge. --- true belief. --- trust. --- virtue epistemology. --- Ethics --- Philosophy

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This book presents four bridges connecting work in virtue epistemology and work in philosophy of science (broadly construed) that may serve as catalysts for the further development of naturalized virtue epistemology. These bridges are: empirically informed theories of epistemic virtue; virtue theoretic solutions to underdetermination; epistemic virtues in the history of science; and the value of understanding. Virtue epistemology has opened many new areas of inquiry in contemporary epistemology including: epistemic agency, the role of motivations and emotions in epistemology, the nature of abilities, skills and competences, wisdom and curiosity.  Value driven epistemic inquiry has become quite complex and there is a need for a responsible and rigorous process of constructing naturalized theories of epistemic virtue. This volume makes the involvement of the sciences more explicit and looks at the empirical aspect of virtue epistemology.  Concerns about virtue epistemology are considered in the essays contained here, including the question: can any virtue epistemology meet both the normativity constraint and the empirical constraint? The volume suggests that these worries should not be seen as impediments but rather as useful constraints and desiderata to guide the construction of naturalized theories of epistemic virtue.

Philosophy --- Science --- Virtue epistemology. --- History. --- Philosophy. --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Genetic epistemology. --- Consciousness. --- Ethics. --- Epistemology. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Values --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- Developmental psychology --- Cognitive psychology. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge

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This book explores how physicists, astronomers, chemists, and historians in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries employed ‘epistemic virtues’ such as accuracy, objectivity, and intellectual courage. In doing so, it takes the first step in providing an integrated history of the sciences and humanities. It assists in addressing such questions as: What kind of perspective would enable us to compare organic chemists in their labs with paleographers in the Vatican Archives, or anthropologists on a field trip with mathematicians poring over their formulas? While the concept of epistemic virtues has previously been discussed, primarily in the contexts of the history and philosophy of science, this volume is the first to enlist the concept in bridging the gap between the histories of the sciences and the humanities. Chapters research whether epistemic virtues can serve as a tool to transcend the institutional disciplinary boundaries and thus help to attain a ‘po st-disciplinary’ historiography of modern knowledge. Readers will gain a contextualization of epistemic virtues in time and space as the book shows that scholars themselves often spoke in terms of virtue and vice about their tasks and accomplishments. This collection of essays opens up new perspectives on questions, discourses, and practices shared across the disciplines, even at a time when the neo-Kantian distinction between sciences and humanities enjoyed its greatest authority. Scholars including historians of science and of the humanities, intellectual historians, virtue epistemologists, and philosophers of science will all find this book of particular interest and value.

History. --- Historiography. --- Intellectual life --- Chemistry --- Physics. --- History of Science. --- Historiography and Method. --- Intellectual Studies. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- History of Chemistry. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Intellectual history --- Historical criticism --- History --- Authorship --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Criticism --- Historiography --- Epistemics. --- Virtue epistemology. --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of --- General semantics --- Intellectual life-History. --- Chemistry-History. --- Intellectual life—History. --- Chemistry—History.