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Vanadium industry. --- Nonferrous metal industries

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In the last three decades, research has extensively focused on the role of Fe and other mineral nutrients in regulating biological processes, ranging from the surface to the deep ocean. This has produced major breakthroughs in our understanding of the fundamental role of those bioactive elements on the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles and ecosystem function. However, biological processes cannot be entirely sustained by that small set of chemical elements, and new scientific evidence suggests that trace metals other than Fe (e.g., Co, Mo and Ni) as well as essential organic growth factors (e.g., vitamins) may also be crucial in most aquatic systems. We would like to solicit all types of articles (e.g., original research, methods, hypothesis & theory, review, perspective, general commentary, opinion, mini review and technology reports) that address the impact of bioactive substances other than Fe on ecosystem dynamics. Topics may include genomics, elemental and vitamin limitation, metabolite production and excretion, ectocrine relationships and biogeochemical cycles in different aquatic systems (e.g., marine, fresh waters, hydrothermal vents) and sediments. Articles addressing other related topics not listed above are also welcome.

Biology. --- Microbiology. --- Immunology. --- Coenzymes --- cobalamin --- thiamin --- Trace metals --- Vanadium --- Nickel --- Pyridoxin --- Copper --- B vitamins --- Molybdenum

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The recognition of the exceptional chemical and biological properties of vanadium compounds has led, in recent decades, to extensive research exploring their chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Due to the prospective application of vanadium compounds as therapeutic agents against diseases such as diabetes, cancer and those provoked by parasites and bacteria, vanadium coordination chemistry and biochemistry has been an area of extensive research. Currently, the most promising potential uses of vanadium compounds are as nutritional supplements and as anticancer agents potentiated by immunotherapy. Nevertheless, researchers from all over the world are dedicating their efforts to vanadium research related to other potential therapeutic applications of vanadium compounds and to obtain insights into their beneficial effects on health and their modes of action. This Special Issue collected research contributions focused on recent advances in vanadium chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. I expect that this collection will have a great impact on the future direction of vanadium research.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry --- polyoxometalates --- decavanadate --- cytotoxicity --- insulin-like activity --- diabetes therapy --- vanadium biochemistry --- vanadium speciation --- vanadium --- proteins --- DNA --- fluorescence --- binding constants --- mechanism of action --- oxidovanadium(V) --- vanadium Schiff base coordination complex --- low acute toxicity --- Oxidovanadium(V) --- Schiff base --- X-ray crystallography --- DNA interaction --- 2-aminopyrimidinium --- experimental and theoretical characterization --- DFT --- docking RNA/DNA --- vitamin E --- EPR --- tocopherol --- 51V NMR --- urethane --- aerosol delivery --- lung cancer --- apoptosis --- antineoplastic --- oxidovanadium(IV) phenantrholine chrysin --- vanadium cellular uptake --- anticancer --- albumin interaction --- glycosylated flavonoid --- oxidovanadium(IV) complex --- antitumoral --- antioxidant --- cell signaling --- cancer --- anticancer agents --- n/a

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Twenty inorganic elements, mostly metal ions, are consistently found in living systems and are essential for living systems to function correctly. This text discusses, describes and explains the functional relevance of those elements: the reasons for their selection; the processes of their uptake; transport and final localization in cells; the regulation of these processes; and the interactive network of their reactions that connects the in vivo inorganic elements to the environment and to the genome. The volume has been thoroughly revised for this second edition and includes a discussion of the link to the genome of the uptake and transfer of inorganic elements and the regulation of homeostasis, the functional co-operative activities of the elements, the interaction with the environment, and the evolution of usage. Recent structural and mechanistic knowledge of many biomolecules and organelles is also included.

chromium --- Mn (mangaan) --- magnesium --- biochemie --- calcium --- W (wolfraam) --- anorganische chemie --- manganese --- Co (kobalt) --- Mg (magnesium) --- cobalt [mineral] --- Ni (nikkel) --- General biochemistry --- V (vanadium) --- polymers --- Ca (calcium) --- tungsten --- vanadium --- Cr (chroom) --- polymeren --- Inorganic chemistry --- Macromolecules --- Bioinorganic chemistry. --- Chimie bio-inorganique --- Bioinorganic chemistry --- 546 --- bio-elementen --- biologie --- celfysiologie --- chemische elementen --- eiwitstructuur --- energie --- enzymen --- ionen --- moleculaire biologie --- proteïnen --- redoxreacties --- suikers --- H (waterstof) --- Bio-inorganic chemistry --- Biological inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Inorganic --- Acqui 2006

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This Special Issue on “Photocatalytic Processes for Environmental Applications” offers an overview of the different photochemical processes (photocatalysis, photo-Fenton, and photolysis) triggered by different inorganic compounds that can be used for environmental applications, including water treatments. Photocatalytic mechanisms are based on the generation of electron/hole (e−/h+) pairs under suitable irradiation (hν > Eg). For water treatment, these charge carriers can form reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, that degrade aqueous organic pollutants efficiently. In this Special Issue, different heterogeneous photocatalysts, including TiO2, CdS, CoFe2O4 and vanadium-based oxides, are discussed regarding their efficiency in the degradation of organic pollutants in water. In addition, some of these photocatalysts are composed of chemical elements that are active in Fenton-based processes, thus exhibiting enhanced degradation extents. In addition to the use of materials in water treatments, homogeneous systems, including Fe(III)-EDDS photo-Fenton and H2O2 photolysis, are also discussed to provide further possibilities for photochemically-assisted water treatments. Another interesting method related to the efficient treatment of water is the use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems, where the WO3 photoanode can produce H2O2, which can be subsequently used as a reactant in photocatalysis, photo-Fenton and photolysis systems.

cobalt ferrite --- magnetic properties --- solution combustion method --- rhodamine B --- photocatalytic activity --- photoelectrocatalysis --- hydrogen peroxide --- WO3 --- ethanol --- glycerol --- Direct Blue 1 --- irradiated TiO2 --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- electron-beam --- adsorption --- photo-Fenton --- EDDS --- 2,4-DCP --- organic matter --- inorganic ions --- natural water bodies --- VUV --- photoreactor --- CFD --- MB --- water treatment --- vanadium oxide --- photochemistry --- environment --- materials --- pollutant --- hydrogen --- CdS --- photocatalysis --- pseudo-first order kinetics --- n/a