Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book surveys the science at a semipopular, Scientific American-level. It is even-handed with regard to competing directions of research and philosophical positions. It is hard to get even two people to agree on anything, yet a million billion water molecules can suddenly and abruptly coordinate to lock themselves into an ice crystal or liberate one another to billow outwards as steam. The marvelous self-organizing capacity of matter is one of the central and deepest puzzles of physics, with implications for all the natural sciences. Physicists in the past century have found a remarkable diversity of phases of matter-and equally remarkable commonalities within that diversity. The pace of discovery has, if anything, only quickened in recent years with the appreciation of quantum phases of matter and so-called topological order. The study of seemingly humdrum materials has made contact with the more exotic realm of quantum gravity, as theorists realize that the spacetime continuum may itself be a phase of some deeper and still unknown constituents. These developments flesh out the sometimes vague concept of the emergence-how exactly it is that complexity begets simplicity.

Solid state physics --- Geophysics --- zwaartekracht --- fysica --- Condensed matter. --- Quantum gravity. --- Topological insulators.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book presents experimental studies on emergent transport and magneto-optical properties in three-dimensional topological insulators with two-dimensional Dirac fermions on their surfaces. Designing magnetic heterostructures utilizing a cutting-edge growth technique (molecular beam epitaxy) stabilizes and manifests new quantization phenomena, as confirmed by low-temperature electrical transport and time-domain terahertz magneto-optical measurements. Starting with a review of the theoretical background and recent experimental advances in topological insulators in terms of a novel magneto-electric coupling, the author subsequently explores their magnetic quantum properties and reveals topological phase transitions between quantum anomalous Hall insulator and trivial insulator phases; a new topological phase (the axion insulator); and a half-integer quantum Hall state associated with the quantum parity anomaly. Furthermore, the author shows how these quantum phases can be significantly stabilized via magnetic modulation doping and proximity coupling with a normal ferromagnetic insulator. These findings provide a basis for future technologies such as ultra-low energy consumption electronic devices and fault-tolerant topological quantum computers.

Magnetooptics. --- Topological insulators. --- Insulators, Topological --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- Magneto-optical effects --- Magneto-optics --- Magnetooptical effects --- Optical phenomena, Influence of magnetism on --- Optics --- Materials

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This course-based primer provides newcomers to the field with a concise introduction to some of the core topics in the emerging field of topological insulators. The aim is to provide a basic understanding of edge states, bulk topological invariants, and of the bulk--boundary correspondence with as simple mathematical tools as possible. The present approach uses noninteracting lattice models of topological insulators, building gradually on these to arrive from the simplest one-dimensional case (the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for polyacetylene) to two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulators (the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model for HgTe). In each case the discussion of simple toy models is followed by the formulation of the general arguments regarding topological insulators. The only prerequisite for the reader is a working knowledge in quantum mechanics, the relevant solid state physics background is provided as part of this self-contained text, which is complemented by end-of-chapter problems.

Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematical physics. --- Magnetism. --- Solid State Physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Semiconductors. --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Mathematics --- Topological insulators. --- Topological manifolds. --- Solid state physics. --- Physics. --- Magnetic materials. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Solids --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Materials

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book presents the transport studies of topological insulator thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Through band structure engineering, the ideal topological insulators, (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 ternary alloys, are successfully fabricated, which possess truly insulating bulk and tunable conducting surface states. Further transport measurements on these ternary alloys reveal a disentanglement between the magnetoelectric and thermoelectric properties. In magnetically doped topological insulators, the fascinating quantum anomalous Hall effect was experimentally observed for the first time. Moreover, the topology-driven magnetic quantum phase transition was Systematically controlled by varying the strength of the spin-orbital coupling. Readers will not only benefit from the description of the technique of transport measurements, but will also be inspired by the understanding of topological insulators.

Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Thin films. --- Thin films --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Topological insulators. --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Condensed matter. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Materials --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Surfaces

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book reveals unique transport phenomena and functionalities in topological insulators coupled with magnetism and superconductivity. Topological insulators are a recently discovered class of materials that possess a spin-momentum-locked surface state. Their exotic spin texture makes them an exciting platform for investigating emergent phenomena, especially when coupled with magnetism or superconductivity. Focusing on the strong correlation between electricity and magnetism in magnetic topological insulators, the author presents original findings on current-direction-dependent nonreciprocal resistance, current-induced magnetization reversal and chiral edge conduction at the domain wall. In addition, he demonstrates how the coupling between superconductivity and topological surface state lead to substantial nonreciprocal resistance. The author also elucidates the origins of these phenomena and deepens readers’ understanding of the topologically nontrivial electronic state. The book includes several works which are published in top journals and were selected for the President’s Award by the University of Tokyo and for the Ikushi Prize, awarded to distinguished Ph.D. students in Japan.

Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Solid state physics. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Solid State Physics. --- Physics --- Solids --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Materials --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Topological insulators. --- Insulators, Topological --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Electronic apparatus and appliances