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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Road ecology --- wildlife --- mitigation --- ecoduct --- Animal-vehicle collision --- invasive species --- Road verge --- Landscape management --- green infrastructure --- Road kill --- Habitat Fragmentation --- Barrier effects --- pollution

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The management of wildlife populations and their habitats are interdisciplinary fields that encompass many scientific disciplines that also impact the lives of people. Therefore, these are truly applied sciences where human dimensions play an important role.This book highlights the importance of conducting rigorous studies to design and implement the effective management and restoration of wild populations and their habitats. A new paradigm in conservation is developing that goes beyond the boundaries of protected areas to achieve the goal of sustainable development. The 16 papers in this book, including reviews and a project report, cover a broad range of topics, exploring a diversity of subjects that are representative of current practices and novel applications.We would like to thank both the MDPI publishers and editorial staff for their support and help during the process of editing this book, in addition to the authors for their contributions.

road safety --- roadkill --- clustering --- growth rate --- traffic intensity --- mitigation measures --- roadkill analysis --- movement patterns --- habitat characterisation --- multiple criteria --- multi-objective ranking --- environmental awareness --- machine learning --- random forest model --- structural equation modelling --- latent class analysis --- visitor mapping --- social–ecological systems --- cultural rural landscape --- protected areas --- rewilding --- rural socioeconomics --- forest expansion --- rural to urban land conversion --- biocultural heritage --- biodiversity --- naturalness --- land-cover change --- habitat quality --- InVEST --- ecosystem-based approach and assessment --- nature-based solution --- decision-making support --- national park management --- wildlife protection --- biodiversity conservation --- policy framework --- policy formulation --- China --- agricultural management --- amphibians --- beta diversity --- community ecology --- metacommunities --- constructed wetlands --- bats --- urban ecology --- long-term monitoring --- acoustics --- city parks --- community dynamics --- conservation evaluation --- at-risk species --- golden-winged warbler --- landowner incentives --- New England cottontail --- Natural Resources Conservation Service --- U.S. Department of Agriculture --- Working Lands for Wildlife --- camera-trapping --- conservation puma --- relative integrated anthropization index --- INRA --- South American grey fox --- habitat adaptability --- habitat model --- habitat selection --- habitat suitability --- use versus availability --- Maxent --- presence points --- GPS radio-collars --- anthropogenic variables --- species distribution models --- Spermophilus citellus --- maximum entropy modeling --- species distribution modeling --- climate change refugia --- urodela --- salamandridae --- caudata --- biosphere reserve --- habitat restoration --- species management --- life project --- activity patterns --- Lepus granatensis --- population decline --- niche --- Oryctolagus cuniculus --- roadside census --- predator–prey relationships --- spatio-temporal behavior --- abundance --- distance sampling --- population density --- R package --- wildlife survey --- uncertainty --- occupancy modeling --- road ecology --- n/a --- social-ecological systems --- predator-prey relationships