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Through the study of numerous Sanskrit technical texts, the present study aims to show and explain how the specificity of the semiotic status of proper names has been approached in the three traditional Indian disciplines of vy ā kara ṇ a (grammar), the ny at are (logical) and m ī m at m s at (exegesis), disciplines that put the reflection on language at the centre of their concerns. The question of the "meaning" of proper names has given rise to many reflections, both in the West and in India.If the debates, in the West, mainly concern logic and philosophy, linguistics participating only marginally, it is primarily grammarians ( vaiy à kara ṇ a ) and logicians ( naiy à yika ) who, in India, got hold of the problem. This work shows how the former mostly defended the idea that proper nouns denote and connote, while among the latter, it is the idea of ​​a direct denotation, without connotation, which was most often supported.

Names, Personal --- Names, Sanskrit --- Related Historical Sciences --- History & Archaeology --- Genealogy --- Sanskrit language --- Sanskrit names --- Names --- Names, Personal - India --- nom propre --- convention linguistique --- langues indiennes --- référence (linguistique) --- sanskrit

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"To communicate, speakers need to make it clear what they are talking about. The act of referring, which anchors words to things, is a fundamental aspect of language. In this book, Kees van Deemter shows that computational models of reference offer attractive tools for capturing the complexity of referring. Indeed, the models van Deemter presents cover many issues beyond the basic idea of referring to an object, including reference to sets, approximate descriptions, descriptions produced under uncertainty concerning the hearer's knowledge, and descriptions that aim to inform or influence the hearer. The book, which can be read as a case study in cognitive science, draws on perspectives from across the cognitive sciences, including philosophy, experimental psychology, formal logic, and computer science. Van Deemter advocates a combination of computational modeling and careful experimentation as the preferred method for expanding these insights. He then shows this method in action, covering a range of algorithms and a variety of methods for testing them. He shows that the method allows us to model logically complicated referring expressions, and demonstrates how we can gain an understanding of reference in situations where the speaker's knowledge is difficult to assess or where the referent resists exact definition. Finally, he proposes a program of research that addresses the open questions that remain in this area, arguing that this program can significantly enhance our understanding of human communication"--MIT CogNet.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Psycholinguistics --- Mathematical logic --- Mathematical linguistics --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Presupposition (Logic) --- Computational linguistics. --- Référence (linguistique) --- Présupposition (logique) --- Linguistique --- Informatique --- Informatique. --- Signification (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Onomasiology --- Semantics --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Multilingual computing --- Language and logic --- Logic --- Data processing --- LINGUISTICS & LANGUAGE/General --- COGNITIVE SCIENCES/General --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/General

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This compilation of invited contributions, gathering an international collection of cognitive and functional linguists, offers an outline of original empirical work carried out in grounding theory. Grounding is a central notion in cognitive grammar that addresses the linking of semantic content to contextual factors that constitute the subjective ground (or situation of speech). The volume illustrates a growing concern with the application of cognitive grammar to constructions establishing deixis and reference. It proposes a double focus on nominal and clausal grounding, as well as on ways of integrating analyses across these domains.

Cognitieve spraakkunst --- Cognitive grammar --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammaire cognitive --- Grammar [Cognitive ] --- Linguistique cognitive --- Psycholinguistique cognitive --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Référence (Linguistique) --- Spraakkunst [Cognitieve ] --- Verwijzing (Taalwetenschap) --- Linguistics --- Philosophy of language --- Comparative linguistics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Cognitive grammar. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Deixis. --- Signification (Linguistics) --- Deixis (Linguistics) --- Deictic function --- Onomasiology --- Semantics --- Indexicals (Semantics) --- Psycholinguistics --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Deixis --- Philology

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The concept of 'animacy' concerns the fundamental and cognitive question of the extent to which we recognize and express living things as saliently human-like or animal-like.In Animacy and Reference Mutsumi Yamamoto pursues two main objectives: First, to establish a conceptual framework of animacy, and secondly, to explain how the concept of animacy can be reflected in the use of referential expressions. Unlike previous studies on the subject focussing on grammatical manifestations, Animacy and Reference sheds light upon the conceptual properties of animacy itself and its r

Psycholinguistics --- English language --- Grammar --- Japanese language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Animacy --- Grammar, Comparative --- Japanese. --- English. --- Référence (Linguistique) --- Verwijzing (Taalwetenschap) --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Grammar [Comparative ] --- Japanese --- English --- Linguistique. (Collection) --- Taalwetenschap. (Reeks) --- English language -- Animacy. --- English language -- Grammar, Comparative -- Japanese. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Animacy. --- Japanese language -- Animacy. --- Japanese language -- Grammar, Comparative -- English. --- Reference (Linguistics). --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Koguryo language --- Germanic languages --- Signification (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Onomasiology --- Semantics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Animacy --- English language - Animacy --- Japanese language - Animacy --- English language - Grammar, Comparative - Japanese. --- Japanese language - Grammar, Comparative - English. --- Animacy.