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“Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.

n/a --- gene-based --- taste --- postprandial leptin --- children --- personalised --- obesity --- macronutrient composition --- gastrointestinal symptoms --- postprandial adiponectin --- formula diet --- avoidance diet --- weight loss --- weight --- omega-3 fatty acids --- microbiome --- genotype --- nutrition --- direct-to-consumer test --- intervention --- clinical nutrition --- postprandial total ghrelin --- dietary intervention --- microbiota --- low-carbohydrate diet --- insulin --- FADS polymorphism --- adults --- genetics --- diet --- healthcare professionals --- HbA1c --- PROX1 gene --- phenotype --- high-fat meal --- glucose --- personalised nutrition --- irritable bowel syndrome --- dietary recommendation --- postprandial metabolic fingerprinting --- type 2 diabetes mellitus risk --- high-carbohydrate meal --- health --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- food allergy --- normo-carbohydrate meal --- nutrimetabolomics --- type 2 diabetes --- nutrigenetics --- gene–diet interaction --- personalized nutrition --- gene-diet interaction

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Adverse drug reactions are one of the major constraints when using drugs. These adverse reactions can impact healthcare systems as strongly as many prevalent diseases. Identifying DNA variants associated with adverse drug reactions can help personalize medicine and sustain healthcare systems. This book delves into new advances in pharmacogenetics of cardiovascular, cancer, and nervous system drugs. It may be useful for clinicians and patients to understand the basics of pharmacogenetics.

5-fluorouracil --- capecitabine --- fluoropyrimidine --- thymidylate synthase --- thymidylate synthase enhancer region --- upstream stimulatory factor 1 --- adverse drug reactions --- pharmacogenomics --- epistasis --- random forest --- statin --- cardiovascular disease --- colorectal cancer --- personalised medicine --- toxicity --- (es)citalopram --- drug-gene-interaction --- drug-drug-interaction --- drug-drug-gene-interaction --- the PharmLines initiative --- antipsychotic agents --- pharmacogenetics --- cytochrome P-450 enzyme system --- psychotic disorders --- precision medicine --- direct oral anticoagulants --- clinical implementation --- atorvastatin --- SLCO1B1 --- HLA --- cutaneous adverse drug reaction --- SCAR --- genetic polymorphism --- antiepileptics --- CYP450 enzymes --- platelet reactivity --- single-nucleotide variants --- acute coronary syndrome --- clopidogrel --- genotype --- allele --- polymorphism --- HLA B --- CYP2C9*3 --- cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) --- anti-epileptic drugs (AEDS) --- phenytoin (PHT) --- genetic risk factors --- South India --- India --- cardiology --- adverse events --- guidelines --- n/a

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This book contains research articles on the advances in the aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), the spinal growth related to the implementation of growth modulation for the surgical treatment of early-onset IS, the non-surgical treatment of IS using Physiotheraputic Scoliosis Specific Exercises, and braces. Additionally, it focuses on issues related to surgical treatment, issues related to body posture and the quality of life of this sensitive group of people. The high quality of published papers in this Special Issue of the JCM serve these objectives.

Medicine --- idiopathic scoliosis --- health-related quality of life --- cultural adaptation --- Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- adolescent idiopathic scoliosis --- brace therapy --- brace concepts --- rigid brace --- night time brace --- ring apophysis --- maturation --- ossification --- fusion --- scoliosis --- nighttime orthotic treatment --- surgery --- quality of life --- paraspinal muscles --- cross-sectional area --- posterior approach --- computed tomography --- Italian spine youth quality of life questionnaire --- SRS-22 --- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome --- human model --- neuromuscular scoliosis --- radiography --- MRI --- curve morphology --- intraspinal anomaly --- body height --- pulmonary function test --- Cobb angle --- iTRAQ --- α-actin --- progressive --- differentially expressed proteins --- bracing --- physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise --- physical activity --- adherence --- spinal appearance --- shared decision-making --- personalised approach --- sclerostin --- osteocytes --- β-catenin --- Wnt signaling pathway --- scoliometer --- truncal asymmetry --- lateral spinal profile --- surface topography --- aetiology --- spinal deformities --- pathobiomechanics --- follow-up study --- Rett syndrome --- motor skills --- telerehabilitation --- physical therapy modalities --- home exercise program --- neurodynamic functions --- assessment --- pain --- treatment --- early onset scoliosis --- non-operative treatment --- body posture --- sports activity --- corrective exercises --- digital photography --- n/a

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This open access book reflects on matters of social and ethical concern raised in the daily practices of those working in and around precision oncology. Each chapter addresses the experiences, concerns and issues at stake for people who work in settings where precision oncology is practiced, enacted, imagined or discussed. It subsequently discusses and analyses bioethical dilemmas, scientific challenges and economic trade-offs, the need for new policies, further technological innovation, social work, as well as phenomenological research. This volume takes a broad actor-centred perspective as, whenever cancer is present, the range of actors with issues at stake appears almost unlimited. This perspective and approach opens up the possibility for further in-depth and diverse questions, posed by the actors themselves, such as: How are cancer researchers navigating biological uncertainties? How do clinicians and policy-makers address ethical dilemmas around prioritisation of care? What are the patients’ experiences with, and hopes for, precision oncology? How do policy-makers and entrepreneurs envisage precision oncology? These questions are of great interest to a broad audience, including cancer researchers, oncologists, policy-makers, medical ethicists and philosophers, social scientists, patients and health economists.

Precision Medicine. --- Biomarkers, Tumor. --- Biochemical Tumor Markers --- Biological Tumor Marker --- Biological Tumor Markers --- Biomarkers, Cancer --- Marker, Biochemical Tumor --- Marker, Biologic Tumor --- Marker, Biological Tumor --- Marker, Neoplasm Metabolite --- Marker, Tumor Metabolite --- Markers, Biochemical Tumor --- Markers, Biological Tumor --- Markers, Neoplasm Metabolite --- Markers, Tumor Metabolite --- Metabolite Markers, Tumor --- Neoplasm Metabolite Markers --- Tumor Markers, Biologic --- Tumor Metabolite Marker --- Biochemical Tumor Marker --- Cancer Biomarker --- Carcinogen Markers --- Markers, Tumor --- Metabolite Markers, Neoplasm --- Tumor Biomarker --- Tumor Marker --- Tumor Markers, Biochemical --- Tumor Markers, Biological --- Biologic Tumor Marker --- Biologic Tumor Markers --- Biomarker, Cancer --- Biomarker, Tumor --- Cancer Biomarkers --- Marker, Tumor --- Markers, Biologic Tumor --- Markers, Carcinogen --- Metabolite Marker, Neoplasm --- Metabolite Marker, Tumor --- Neoplasm Metabolite Marker --- Tumor Biomarkers --- Tumor Marker, Biochemical --- Tumor Marker, Biologic --- Tumor Marker, Biological --- Tumor Markers --- Tumor Metabolite Markers --- Neoplasm Proteins --- P Health --- P-Health --- Personalized Medicine --- Theranostics --- Individualized Medicine --- Predictive Medicine --- Medicine, Individualized --- Medicine, Personalized --- Medicine, Precision --- Medicine, Predictive --- Theranostic --- Pharmacogenomic Variants --- Pharmacogenetics --- Patient-Specific Modeling --- cancer biomarkers --- Sociology of medicine --- Science and Technology Studies --- Oncology --- Philosophy of medicine --- precision oncology --- personalised cancer treatments --- health technology assessment --- Open access

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Most of the treatments in medicine are patient specific, aren’t they? So why should we bother with individualizing implants if we adapt our therapy to patients anyway? Looking at the neighboring field of oncologic treatment, you would not question the fact that individualization of tumor therapy with personalized antibodies has led to the thriving of this field in terms of success in patient survival and positive responses to alternatives for conventional treatments. Regarding the latest cutting-edge developments in orthopedic surgery and biotechnology, including new imaging techniques and 3D-printing of bone substitutes as well as implants, we do have an armamentarium available to stimulate the race for innovation in medicine. This Special Issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine will gather all relevant new and developed techniques already in clinical practice. Examples include the developments in revision arthroplasty and tumor (pelvic replacement) surgery to recreate individual defects, individualized implants for primary arthroplasty to establish physiological joint kinematics, and personalized implants in fracture treatment, to name but a few.

patient specific implant --- custom made implant --- revision hip --- Paprosky --- pelvic discontinuity --- highly cancellous --- implant surface --- tibia --- titanium alloy --- 3D printing --- megaendoprosthesis --- orthopedic oncology --- limb salvage --- patient safety management --- vascular bypass --- soft tissue sarcoma --- vascular reconstruction --- shoulder arthroplasty --- X-ray images --- implant classification --- deep learning --- dense residual ensemble-network --- rotational invariant augmentation --- Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) --- custom implant --- patient-specific implants (PSI) --- spinal surgery --- total knee replacement --- total knee arthroplasty --- kinematic alignment --- slope --- rotation --- navigation-assisted surgery --- tumor orthopedics --- oncologic orthopedics --- patient specific --- tumor surgery --- bone defects --- hip detection --- deep convolutional neural network --- radiography --- leg alignment --- patient-specific instruments --- custom-made implant --- rotational correction --- custom-made --- rTKA --- 3D-printed --- individual --- limb-salvage --- cone --- customised --- personalised --- knee replacement --- native knee morphology --- femoral J-Curve --- principal component analysis --- geometric parameter analysis --- individualized alignment --- restricted kinematic alignment --- robotic-assisted TKA --- MAKO --- safe zone --- pelvic tumors --- 3D printed prostheses --- computer aided design pelvic reconstruction --- arthroplasty --- complications --- bone tumor --- pelvis --- patient-specific --- individualized --- 3D-printing --- unicondylar knee arthroplasty --- unicompartmental knee replacement --- unicondylar knee replacement --- partial knee arthroplasty --- partial knee replacement --- UKA --- UKR --- augmented reality --- image-guided surgery --- intraoperative imaging --- simulation --- mixed reality --- reversed shoulder arthroplasty --- 3D planning --- total hip arthroplasty --- finite element method --- cemented and uncemented acetabular fixation --- polyethylene wear patterns --- cervical–diaphyseal angle --- center of rotation --- material head --- size head --- liner thickness --- preoperative planning --- patient-specific THA --- target zone --- leg length discrepancy --- range of motion --- edge loading --- TKA --- tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis --- iTotal --- n/a --- cervical-diaphyseal angle