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This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area.
Chemistry --- Fly ash. --- Particle size determination. --- Study and teaching.
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The Great Sand Sea in Egypt presents the history of one of the large sand seas in the Sahara, beginning with the sand supply by fluvial transport from partly distant areas and also by local sandstone weathering. It also details sand as carrier of information and to show the possibilities of sedimentary analysis in dealing with such a topic. Simple measurements may supply important information (e.g. salinity measurements). Well known methods can be developed further to answer special questions. A wealth of information can be drawn from especially adapted sedimentological investigations.
Sand dunes --- Sedimentation analysis --- Centrifugation --- Particle size determination --- Dunes --- Landforms --- Sedimentation analysis.
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An important requirement for the combination of two materials in order to get a low stress and low warpage, crack-free composite component is a timely synchronized sintering behavior of both components. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the particle size distribution on the sintering behavior and the resulting consequences of the particle size change for the flow properties during injection molding.
flow properties --- Fließverhalten --- Partikelgrößenverteilungen --- feedstock --- Metallpulverspritzgießen --- Sinterverhalten --- sintering behavior --- particle size distribution --- Feedstockmetal injection molding
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Mechanical processing is just one step in the value chain of metal production, but to some exten,t it determines an effectiveness of separation through suitable preparation of the raw material for beneficiation processes through production of required particle sze composition and useful mineral liberation. The issue is mostly related to techniques of comminution and size classification, but it also concerns methods of gravity separation, as well as modeling and optimization. Technological and economic assessment supplements the issue.
belt ore measurement --- convolutional neural network --- image processing --- contour detection --- OpenCV --- brittle materials --- uniaxial compression --- comminution --- particle size --- movement characteristics --- particle velocity --- kinetic energy --- spatial distribution --- flotation --- copper ore --- lithology --- flotation agents --- particle size distribution --- taxonomic methods --- Dual-Energy X-ray Transmission (DE-XRT) --- sulphide --- polymetallic --- vibrating flip-flow screen --- DEM --- wet stick material --- JKR model --- separation performance --- aggregates --- jig beneficiation --- mineral processing --- raw materials --- separation --- enrichment --- HPGR --- approximation of particle size --- sieving screen --- diagnostics --- predictive maintenance --- wavelet transformation --- n/a
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Powder technology is a rapidly expanding technology and nowhere more than in particle characterization. There has been an explosion of new particle measuring techniques in the past ten year particularly in the field of on-line measurement. One of the main aims of this book is to bring the reader up-to-date with current practices. One important area of interest is the improvements in on-line light scattering instruments and the introduction of ultrasonic on-line devices. Another is the introduction of on-line microscopy, which permits shape analysis in conjunction with particle sizing.Schoo
Sustainable development reporting. --- Sustainable development --- Economic aspects. --- Accounting. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Bottom line reporting, Triple --- Reporting, Sustainable development --- SDR (Sustainable development reporting) --- Sustainability reporting --- TBL reporting --- Triple bottom line reporting --- Social accounting --- Environmental aspects --- Particle size determination. --- Powders --- Sampling.
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Mechanical activation of solids is a part of mechanochemistry, the science with a sound theoretical foundation exhibiting a wide range of potential application. Mechanical activation itself is an innovative procedure where an improvement in technological processes can be attained via a combination of new surface area and defects formation in minerals. Mechanical activation is of exceptional importance in extractive metallurgy and mineral processing and this area forms the topic of this book and is the result of more than twenty years of research and graduate teaching in the field. In p
Ore-dressing. --- Mechanical chemistry. --- Size reduction of materials. --- Comminution --- Grinding (Size reduction) --- Particle size reduction --- Mills and mill-work --- Mechanically induced chemical reactions --- Mechanochemistry --- Stress induced chemical reactions --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Beneficiation of ores --- Dressing of ores --- Jigging --- Milling (Metallurgy) --- Mineral dressing --- Mineral processing --- Ore treatment --- Smelting
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The production and supply of raw materials is a basic ecosystem service, the origin of multiple production value chains. In 2011, the European Union elaborated a list of critical raw materials (CRMs), taking the economic and strategic importance for the European economy and the supply risk. Although focused mainly on the energy sector, the USA, Canada, and other countries took recently similar steps. Despite the great inertia characterising the mineral raw materials sector, some steps towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm can be envisaged. Significant challenges to the mining sector are the appropriate process design using the best available technologies; the increase in energy efficiency; the responsible use of water and handling of mining wastes; the social acceptance of the activity; and the digitalisation challenge. This book aims to propose strategies that can help face those challenges, especially in increasing energy efficiency in comminution operations.
comminution --- simulation --- work index --- grindability --- critical metals --- ball mill --- kinetic grinding --- specific grinding rate --- Sn–Ta–Nb --- Penouta Mine --- critical raw materials --- tungsten ore --- grinding kinetics --- ball mills --- grinding media --- energy efficiency --- Bond work index --- bond work index --- particle size distribution --- metallurgical coke --- electrofragmentation --- Marx generator --- modeling --- n/a --- Sn-Ta-Nb
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Wine traceability is a central theme in the current world market where consumers are increasingly demanding the quality and origin of food and drink. The wine production chain and wine composition are generally controlled by different laws (International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), European Union (EU), and national governments) and need specific documentation. Nevertheless, wine production is subject to fraud. Consequently, the improvement of the methods applied to verify the origin and quality of wines is very important to protect wine consumers and producers. In this book, eight different papers—six research papers and two reviews—address the topic from different points of view.
87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio --- high-resolution mass spectrometry --- polyphenols --- n/a --- red wine --- Primitivo --- data mining --- rare earth elements --- Amarone --- Raboso --- Tannat wines --- geological material --- vinification --- soil particle size --- metabolomics --- isotopes --- wine classification --- geographical origin --- fingerprinting --- feature selection --- wine authenticity --- support vector machines --- grapevine varietal identification and discrimination --- authenticity --- grape --- traceability --- IRMS --- Recioto --- geographical traceability --- geographic origin --- NMR --- sensory analyses --- Negro Amaro --- Chianti Classico wine --- ICP-MS --- markers --- multi-element composition --- wine --- bio-geochemical strategy
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Neolithic period --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Archaeological geology --- Sediments (Geology) --- Particle size determination. --- Soil science in archaeology --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Prehistoric peoples --- Archaeology --- Dispersion analysis --- Particles --- Soils --- Analytical geochemistry --- Archaeogeology --- Geoarchaeology --- Geological archaeology --- Geology --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- New Stone age --- Stone age --- Computer programs. --- Analysis. --- Methodology --- Testing --- Paliambela Kolindros Site (Greece) --- Pieria Region (Greece) --- Greece --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities
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The Tsinghua University–University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology (JCMEET) is a platform. It was established on Nov.11, 2017. The Chairperson of University Council of Tsinghua University, Dr. Xu Chen, and the President of the University of Waterloo, Dr. Feridun Hamdullahpur, attended the opening ceremony and unveiled the nameplate for the joint research center on 29th of March, 2018. The research center serves as a platform for researchers at both universities to conduct joint research in the targeted areas, and to meet regularly for information exchange, talent exchange, and knowledge mobilization, especially in the fields of micro/nano, energy, and environmental technologies. The center focuses on three main interests: micro/nano energy technology, micro/nano pollution control technology, and relevant fundamental research. In order to celebrate the first anniversary of the Joint Research Center, we were invited to serve as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue of Materials focusing on the topic of micro/nano-materials for clean energy and environment. It collects research papers from a broad range of topics related to micro/nanostructured materials aimed at future energy resources, low emission energy conversion, energy storage, energy efficiency improvement, air emission control, air monitoring, air cleaning, and many other related applications. This Special Issue provides an opportunity and example for the international community to discuss how to actively address the energy and environment issues that we are facing.
particle size --- nanoplates --- filter paper --- potassium-based adsorbent --- Limestone --- engine filtration --- particle deposition --- airborne nanoparticle --- CaO --- air filtration --- DFT --- nanoparticles --- model --- multiscale model --- building materials --- shale --- adsorption --- passive building systems --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- As2O3 --- nanofibers --- product island --- TGA --- water quality --- oxidation kinetics --- failure --- loading performance --- kinetics --- pressure decay method --- concrete --- airborne dust --- mortar --- flame synthesis --- permeability measurement --- flame stabilizing on a rotating surface (FSRS) --- particle concentration --- submicro-fiber --- rotational speed --- phase change material (PCM) --- PM2.5 --- load modification --- oxygen carrier --- amalgam --- CO2 adsorption --- Karlovitz number --- cellulose nanofiber --- Lyocell fiber --- microscopic characteristics --- sulfation --- spectral blue shift
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