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Book
Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

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Abstract

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.

Keywords

air pollution --- air quality --- 1950–2018 --- Czechoslovakia --- emissions --- aerosol --- ground-level ozone --- atmospheric deposition --- health outcomes --- environmental issues --- particles --- traffic --- dispersion --- PM10 --- pollution --- F-gases --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- substitutes for ozone depleting substances --- Czech Republic --- microsensors --- particle counter --- gas analyzers --- relative humidity --- mixing layer height --- ceilometer --- suspended particulate matter --- Czech-Polish border --- urban parks --- particulate matter --- nitrogen oxides --- ozone --- PM pollution --- seasonality --- meteorological conditions --- source apportionment --- PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) --- PM2.5 --- long-term trends --- background scale --- locomotives --- non-road engines --- rail --- diesel-electric --- real-world emissions --- portable on-board emissions monitoring systems --- NOx --- real driving emissions --- urban canopy --- weather prediction --- validation --- PM1 aerosol --- elements --- water-soluble ions --- factor analysis --- benzo(a)pyrene --- ambient air concentrations --- spatial-temporal --- population exposure --- transboundary transport --- meteorological factors --- monitoring stations --- Passing–Bablok test --- regression analysis --- statistical modeling --- analysis of variance --- tower --- high-volume sampler --- wind-direction-dependent sampling --- neutron activation analysis --- elemental composition --- cross-border pollution transport --- AIR BORDER --- Czech-Polish borderlands --- Interreg --- NO2 --- passive sampler --- Dieselgate --- Prague --- traffic volume --- citizen science --- public policy --- health effects --- n/a --- 1950-2018 --- Passing-Bablok test --- Research. --- Environmental economics. --- Pollution prevention.


Book
Selected Problems in Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer
Author:
ISBN: 3039214284 3039214276 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Fluid flow and heat transfer processes play an important role in many areas of science and engineering, from the planetary scale (e.g., influencing weather and climate) to the microscopic scales of enhancing heat transfer by the use of nanofluids; understood in the broadest possible sense, they also underpin the performance of many energy systems. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to the recent advances in this very broad field. This book will be of interest to readers not only in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, chemical, process and petroleum, energy, earth, civil ,and flow instrumentation engineering but, equally, biological and medical sciences, as well as physics and mathematics; that is, anywhere that “fluid flow and heat transfer” phenomena may play an important role or be a subject of worthy research pursuits.

Keywords

n/a --- thermal performance --- microbubble pump --- particle deposition --- flow oscillation --- orthogonal jet --- flat plate --- gas turbine engine --- air heater --- flow behavior --- transonic compressor --- friction factor --- nonlinear thermal radiation --- oscillators --- porous cavity --- POD --- turbulent flow --- thermosyphon --- turbulence --- mass transfer --- tip leakage flow --- capture efficiency --- pipe flow --- correlation --- decomposition dimensionalities --- heat transfer --- pressure loss --- CANDU-6 --- numerical modeling --- CFD --- magnetic field --- boundary layer --- two-phase flow --- heat transfer performance --- Colebrook-White --- computational burden --- phase change --- surrogate model --- Padé polynomials --- traveling-wave heat engine --- flow regime --- numerical simulation --- energetics --- ( A g ? F e 3 O 4 / H 2 O ) hybrid nanofluid --- pumps --- BEM --- SPIV --- acoustic streaming --- microbubbles --- Aspen® --- push-pull --- Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) elements --- iterative procedure --- transient analysis --- spiral fin-tube --- toxic gases --- unsteady heat release rate --- water hammer --- method of moment --- visualization --- superheated steam --- impingement heat transfer enhancement --- X-ray microtomography --- moderator --- wind turbine --- flow rate --- fin-tube --- flue gas --- actuator disc --- temperature distributions --- supercritical LNG --- sharp sections --- moment of inertia --- Colebrook equation --- pump efficiency --- tower --- OpenFOAM --- computational fluid dynamics --- chemical reaction --- pump performance --- logarithms --- numerical results --- downwind --- thermodynamic --- triaxial stress --- flow friction --- energy conversion --- entropy generation --- zigzag type --- inertance-compliance --- section aspect ratios --- laminar separation bubble --- axial piston pumps --- thermogravimetry --- pressure drop --- load resistances --- vortex breakdown --- T-section prism --- flow-induced motion --- centrifugal pump --- load --- vortex identification --- decomposition region --- condensation --- performance characteristics --- pipes --- detached-eddy simulation --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation --- thermal cracking --- real vehicle experiments --- bubble size --- thermal energy recovery --- hydraulic resistances --- concentration --- tower shadow --- fire-spreading characteristics --- thermoacoustic electricity generator --- bubble generation --- multi-stage --- thermal effect --- ferrofluid --- PHWR --- fluidics --- multiphase flow --- printed circuit heat exchanger --- particle counter --- dew point temperature --- Padé polynomials

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