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Insects boast incredible diversity, and this book treats an important component of the western insect biota that has not been summarized before-moths and their plant relationships. There are about 8,000 named species of moths in our region, and although most are unnoticed by the public, many attract attention when their larvae create economic damage: eating holes in woolens, infesting stored foods, boring into apples, damaging crops and garden plants, or defoliating forests. In contrast to previous North American moth books, this volume discusses and illustrates about 25% of the species in every family, including the tiny species, making this the most comprehensive volume in its field. With this approach it provides access to microlepidoptera study for biologists as well as amateur collectors. About 2,500 species are described and illustrated, including virtually all moths of economic importance, summarizing their morphology, taxonomy, adult behavior, larval biology, and life cycles.

Moths --- Heterocera --- Lepidoptera nocturna --- Lepidoptera --- Antheraea --- Giant Silkmoths --- Giant Silkworms --- Silkmoths, Giant --- Silkworms, Giant --- Antheraeas --- Giant Silkmoth --- Giant Silkworm --- Moth --- Silkmoth, Giant --- Silkworm, Giant --- amateur collectors. --- biologists. --- comprehensive account. --- crop damage. --- damaging insects. --- defoliating forests. --- illustrated. --- insect biota. --- insect damage. --- insect diversity. --- larval biology. --- lepidopterists. --- microlepidoptera study. --- moth diets. --- moth infestations. --- moth larvae. --- moth life cycles. --- moth morphology. --- moth relationships. --- moth species. --- moth taxonomy. --- moths. --- north america. --- plant and insect life. --- plant diets. --- regional biology. --- western insects. --- western north america.

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This book contains 4 chapters focusing on techniques for small-scale rearing of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. in the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella]. These parasitoids are among the most widely used natural enemies in the world, and in Brazil are used to control lepidopteran pests in a wide variety of crops.

Parasites. --- Biological pest control agents --- Arthropod pests. --- Trichogramma. --- Mediterranean flour moth. --- natural enemies

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This book, as a Special Issue, is a collection of some of the latest advancements in designing and scheduling smart manufacturing systems. The smart manufacturing concept is undoubtedly considered a paradigm shift in manufacturing technology. This conception is part of the Industry 4.0 strategy, or equivalent national policies, and brings new challenges and opportunities for the companies that are facing tough global competition. Industry 4.0 should not only be perceived as one of many possible strategies for manufacturing companies, but also as an important practice within organizations. The main focus of Industry 4.0 implementation is to combine production, information technology, and the internet. The presented Special Issue consists of ten research papers presenting the latest works in the field. The papers include various topics, which can be divided into three categories—(i) designing and scheduling manufacturing systems (seven articles), (ii) machining process optimization (two articles), (iii) digital insurance platforms (one article). Most of the mentioned research problems are solved in these articles by using genetic algorithms, the harmony search algorithm, the hybrid bat algorithm, the combined whale optimization algorithm, and other optimization and decision-making methods. The above-mentioned groups of articles are briefly described in this order in this book.

flexible job-shop scheduling problem --- combinatorial optimization --- genetic algorithm --- candidate order-based genetic algorithm --- multichromosome --- facility layout --- optimization --- metaheuristic algorithm --- cell formation --- design of experiments --- digital platforms --- decision-making --- insurance --- Baltic --- customization --- personalization --- assembly line balancing --- group technology --- cluster algorithm --- bottleneck station --- output rate --- tolerance allocation --- machine and process selection --- heuristic approach --- univariate search method --- whale optimization algorithm --- selective assembly --- overrunning clutch assembly --- harmony search algorithm --- Hastelloy X --- turning --- cutting force --- surface roughness --- liquid nitrogen --- grass-hooper optimization algorithm --- moth-flame optimization algorithm --- hybrid bat algorithm --- optimization problem --- the distributed assembly permutation flowshop scheduling problem --- variable neighborhood descent --- multi-criteria assessment --- cell manufacturing design --- operational complexity --- makespan --- production line balancing rate --- electrochemical machining (ECM) --- material removal rate (MRR) --- nickel presence (NP) --- grey wolf optimizer (GWO) --- moth-flame optimization algorithm (MFO) --- Monel 400 alloys --- n/a

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The present book, a reprint of the successful Insects Special Issue "From Insect Pheromones to Mating Disruption: Theory and Practice", includes laboratory and field studies dealing with insect pheromones, as well as on mating disruption efficacy against insect species of economic importance, with special reference to the development and optimization of mating disruption approaches, their mechanisms of action, and possible non-target effects.

sex pheromone --- biological control --- flight tunnel --- Integrated Pest Management --- mealybug monitoring --- mating disruption --- cotton bollworm --- processing tomato --- geostatistics --- Grapholita funebrana --- Tortricidae --- sex pheromones --- integrated pest management --- pheromone --- Lyctus africanus --- powderpost beetle --- age --- mating --- navel orangeworm --- Amyelois transitella --- almond --- citrophilous mealybug --- IPM --- semiochemicals --- sustainable pest control --- chemical ecology --- grapevine --- olfactory cues --- cuticular hydrocarbons --- host-marking pheromone --- true fruit flies --- olfaction --- odours --- biosynthesis --- pheromone perception --- resistance --- review --- field trials --- moth phenology --- vineyards --- apple orchards --- blueberry orchards --- SPLAT wax matrix --- remaining pheromone in point sources --- n/a

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This pioneering encyclopedia illuminates a topic at the forefront of global ecology-biological invasions, or organisms that come to live in the wrong place. Written by leading scientists from around the world, Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions addresses all aspects of this subject at a global level-including invasions by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria-in succinct, alphabetically arranged articles. Scientifically uncompromising, yet clearly written and free of jargon, the volume encompasses fields of study including biology, demography, geography, ecology, evolution, sociology, and natural history. Featuring many cross-references, suggestions for further reading, illustrations, an appendix of the world's worst 100 invasive species, a glossary, and more, this is an essential reference for anyone who needs up-to-date information on this important topic.

Biology --- Introduced organisms --- Alien organisms --- Alien species --- Exotic organisms --- Exotic species --- Foreign organisms (Introduced organisms) --- Foreign species (Introduced organisms) --- Introduced species --- Invaders (Organisms) --- Invasive alien species --- Invasive organisms --- Invasive species --- Naturalised organisms --- Naturalized organisms --- Non-indigenous organisms --- Non-indigenous species --- Non-native organisms --- Non-native species --- Nonindigenous organisms --- Nonindigenous species --- Nonnative organisms --- Nonnative species --- Translocated organisms --- Translocated species --- Organisms --- Life sciences --- Biomass --- Life (Biology) --- Natural history --- allelopathy. --- animal populations. --- animals. --- australia. --- bacteria. --- biodiversity. --- biological invasions. --- biology. --- botany. --- cheatgrass. --- chestnut blight. --- conservation. --- ecology. --- ecosystem. --- environment. --- environmentalism. --- evolution. --- fungi. --- geography. --- giant africa snail. --- great lakes. --- gypsy moth. --- habitat. --- hawaiian islands. --- invasive species. --- mediterranean sea. --- microbes. --- native plants. --- native species. --- natural history. --- nature. --- new zealand. --- nile perch. --- nonfiction. --- norway rat. --- plants. --- predators. --- science. --- sociology. --- species. --- zebra mussel. --- Biological invasions