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A reasonable evolution model is indispensable for the comprehensibility and justification of translation policy decisions. On the one hand, this model should take into account the general objectives of protecting a regional or minority language and, on the other, the findings of translation studies and the best practices of the translation industry. On the basis of these assumptions, the author derives possible lines of development for the various areas of translation policy with the help of the maturity model derived from organisational management. He also develops a comprehensive evaluation procedure: the Translation Policy Metrics Model (TPM). The exemplary implementation of this model is based on the example of the minority region of South Tyrol using two surveys, several personal interviews with leading personalities in the field of translation as well as by examining the existing sources of legislation. Peter Sandrini is a research assistant at the Institute for Translation Studies at the University of Innsbruck. His research focuses on legal translation, translation technology and terminology (www.petersandrini.net).
Translation & interpretation --- Literature: history & criticism --- Interdisciplinary studies --- minority --- minority language --- translation policy --- Translation Policy Metrics-Modell (TPM) --- translation technology policy --- translation industry --- South Tyrol --- Italian --- German --- Translating and interpreting. --- Linguistic minorities. --- Translating and interpreting --- Policies. --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Language and languages --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Minority languages --- Minoritized languages --- Minorities --- Sociolinguistics --- Translating --- Political aspects
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This book provides an in-depth examination of minority language maintenance and loss within a group of first-generation Spanish-speaking families in the early-21st century, post-industrial, hyper-globalized US Midwest, an area that has a recent history of Latino settlement and has a low ethnolinguistic vitality for Spanish. It looks specifically at language ‘in the small spaces’, that is, everyday interactions within households and families, and gives a detailed account of the gendered nature of linguistic transmission in immigrant households, as well as offering insights into the sociolinguistic aspects of language contact dynamics. Starting with the question of why speakers choose to use and transmit their family language in communities with few opportunities to use it, this book presents the reader with a theoretical model of language maintenance in low vitality settings. It incorporates mothers’ voices and perspectives on mothering, their families’ well-being, and their role in cultural/linguistic transmission and compares the self-perceptions, motivations, attitudes and language acquisition histories of members of two generations within the same household. It will appeal to researchers and educators interested in bilingualism, language maintenance and family language dynamics as well as to those working in the areas of education, immigration and sociology.
Hispanic Americans --- Bilingualism --- Language maintenance --- Language and languages --- Language loyalty --- Maintenance of language --- Sociolinguistics --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- Hispanics (United States) --- Latino Americans --- Latinos (United States) --- Latinxs --- Spanish Americans in the United States --- Spanish-speaking people (United States) --- Spanish-surnamed people (United States) --- Ethnology --- Latin Americans --- Spanish Americans (Latin America) --- Languages --- Maintenance --- Bilingualism. --- Heritage language. --- Language maintenance. --- Latino . --- Minority language. --- Spanish in the United States. --- Spanish/English bilingual communities. --- US Spanish . --- bilingual household dynamics. --- language contact dynamics. --- language in immigrant households. --- language in the home. --- language maintenance and shift. --- sociolinguistics.
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Studies in the fields of bilingualism and second language acquisition have shown that both cognitive and affective psychological factors can influence individuals’ bilingual speech production. More recently, both experimental and variationist studies of bilingual communities have examined the role of social factors on bilinguals’ speech, particularly in cases of long-term language contact and minority-language bilingualism. The Special Issue brings together work on the psychological and/or social factors that influence bilingual speech production as well as work that uses different methodological frameworks. We examine the role of such factors on bilingual speech production in diverse contexts, in order to provide a more holistic account of the ways in which extra-linguistic influences may affect bilinguals’ speech in one or both of their languages.
new speakers --- accent identification --- sociolinguistic awareness --- bilingual speech processing --- Galician phonetics --- minority languages --- first language attrition --- second language acquisition --- sequential bilingualism --- voice onset time --- vowel formants --- speech development --- English --- (Austrian) German --- phonetics --- maternal acculturation --- maternal enculturation --- speech sound production --- Spanish-English bilingual preschoolers --- speech production --- accent --- pronunciation --- minority language bilingualism --- global foreign accent --- accent rating --- heritage language --- majority language --- preschool children --- school children --- Russian --- German --- language variation --- bilingualism --- phonological transfer --- Welsh --- Welsh English --- VOT --- Portuguese --- L1 attrition --- speech --- code-switching --- Austrian German --- phonetic drift --- apocope --- vowel centralization --- vowel reduction --- variationist sociolinguistics --- Calabrese --- Italian --- length of residence --- foreign domestic helper --- foreign accent --- naturalistic adult acquisition --- L2 speech performance --- n/a
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