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Book
Magnetoelectric Sensor Systems and Applications
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

In the field of magnetic sensing, a wide variety of different magnetometer and gradiometer sensor types, as well as the corresponding read-out concepts, are available. Well-established sensor concepts such as Hall sensors and magnetoresistive sensors based on giant magnetoresistances (and many more) have been researched for decades. The development of these types of sensors has reached maturity in many aspects (e.g., performance metrics, reliability, and physical understanding), and these types of sensors are established in a large variety of industrial applications. Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect are a relatively new type of magnetic sensor. The potential of magnetoelectric sensors has not yet been fully investigated. Especially in biomedical applications, magnetoelectric sensors show several advantages compared to other concepts for their ability, for example, to operate in magnetically unshielded environments and the absence of required cooling or heating systems. In recent years, research has focused on understanding the different aspects influencing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors. At Kiel University, Germany, the Collaborative Research Center 1261 “Magnetoelectric Sensors: From Composite Materials to Biomagnetic Diagnostics”, funded by the German Research Foundation, has dedicated its work to establishing a fundamental understanding of magnetoelectric sensors and their performance parameters, pushing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors to the limits and establishing full magnetoelectric sensor systems in biological and clinical practice.


Book
Mesoporous Metal Oxide Films
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book, entitled “Mesoporous Metal Oxide Films”, contains an editorial and a collection of ten research articles covering fundamental studies and applications of different metal oxide films. Mesoporous materials have been widely investigated and applied in many technological applications owing to their outstanding structural and physical properties. In this book, important developments in this fast-moving field are presented from various research groups around the world. Different preparation methods and applications of these novel and interesting materials have been reported, and it was demonstrated that mesoporosity has a direct impact on the properties and potential applications of such materials. The potential use of mesoporous metal oxide films and coatings with different morphology and structures is demonstrated in many technological applications, particularly chemical and electrochemical sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, photoelectrodes, bioceramics, photonic switches, and anticorrosion agents.


Book
Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The aim of this book is to collect the newest contributions by eminent authors in the field of NDT-SHM, both at the material and structure scale. It therefore provides novel insight at experimental and numerical levels on the application of NDT to a wide variety of materials (concrete, steel, masonry, composites, etc.) in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture.

Keywords

pulsed eddy current --- ferromagnetic sample --- conductivity --- permeability --- non-destructive test --- impact-echo method --- tunnel void --- experimental model --- numerical simulation --- signal analysis --- transfer learning --- spectrogram analysis --- selecting samples --- non-destructive testing --- hammering sound --- regression algorithm --- Lamb wave --- microcracks testing --- multi-channel detection --- signal-to-noise ratio --- thin-walled tube --- damage detection --- cepstral analysis --- Structural Health Monitoring --- Machine Learning --- Teager-Kaiser Energy --- gammatone filter --- acoustic emission --- melting ice --- aviation --- fuel system --- acoustoelastic effect --- stress estimation --- surface waves --- weak anisotropy material --- damage assessment --- smart sensor --- magnetoelastic strip --- 3D printing --- additive manufacturing --- stress-strain relation --- nondestructive testing --- optical-radiation --- photoacoustic --- photothermal --- acoustic energy --- acoustic counts --- CFRP --- single lap joint --- joggled lap joints --- fractography --- classical acoustic nonlinearity --- constitutive behavior --- ultrasonic testing --- existing buildings --- seismic vulnerability assessment --- non-invasive experimental technics --- BIM models --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- historical buildings --- maintenance --- stone columns --- ultrasonic test --- impact test --- concrete --- impact-echo --- elastic wave --- SIBIE --- 3D visualization --- accelerometer --- laser doppler vibrometer --- remote sensing --- reinforced concrete --- four-point bending test --- structural health monitoring --- nondestructive testing techniques --- fiber optic sensors --- acoustic emission monitoring --- digital image correlation


Book
Corrosion and Protection of Materials
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book contains thirty articles on various topics related to the corrosion and protection of metallic materials. This topic is of strong actuality both due to the aging of plants and infrastructures that require checks and maintenance, and to the use of traditional materials in increasingly aggressive environments, added to the need of changing the current anti-corrosion systems with less environmental impact methods. Finally, the new development of innovative materials, such as additive manufacturing or high-entropy alloys, needs the characterization of their corrosion behavior. In this issue, there are works on new alloys obtained for additive manufacturing or high entropy, on the study of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, through electrochemical and microscopical techniques, studies on low environmental impact inhibitors and biocides, as well as ceramic and metal protective coatings. Finally, there are works on the study of the residual mechanical resistance of corroded infrastructures and on monitoring and non-destructive control. In this way, the book therefore offers a somewhat varied panorama of research trends in the field.

Keywords

corrosion --- XPS --- J55 steel --- carbon dioxide --- molecular dynamic simulation --- microbial corrosion --- sulfate-reducing bacteria --- biocides --- electrochemical test --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- atomic layer deposition --- corrosion protection --- copper --- aluminum oxide --- titanium oxide --- nanolaminate --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- barrier coatings --- bearing steels --- martensitic stainless steel --- aerospace --- atomic force microscopy (AFM) --- scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPFM) --- nanoscale --- electrochemistry --- wear --- Pyrowear 675/AMS 5930 --- ductility --- mechanical properties --- reinforced concrete --- tensile strength --- equivalent steel --- trunk gas pipelines --- hydrogen embrittlement --- hydrogen adsorption --- pipeline inner surface --- cathodic protection current --- hydrogen distribution --- additive manufacturing --- alloy 625 --- selective corrosion --- oil and gas --- materials qualification --- kraft lignin --- polymer --- corrosion resistant --- iron --- acid inhibition --- CrFeCoNiNbx alloys --- microstructure --- hardness --- corrosion property --- magnesium alloy --- stress corrosion cracking --- hydrogen --- fractography methods --- corrosion resistance --- magnetoelasticity --- magnetoelastic sensor --- intergranular corrosion --- sensitization --- austenitic stainless steel --- grain boundary --- grain boundary structure --- corrosion of steel --- riveted bridges --- degradation --- load-carrying capacity --- thermal spray --- zinc --- steel --- zirconium corrosion --- zircalloy clad --- Zr hydride --- nuclear reactor --- Ni-W alloy coating --- heat treatment --- iron corrosion --- SEM --- Raman spectroscopy --- biogenic minerals --- bacterial iron reduction --- cultural heritage --- conservation-restoration --- corrosion stabilization --- corrosion damage --- ultrasonic wave propagation imaging --- root mean square --- dispersion curves --- Rayleigh–Lamb equation --- Fourier transform --- zinc alloys --- Zamak --- Zn-Al alloys --- nickel-aluminum bronze --- cast defects --- electrochemical corrosion --- mechanism --- alternating current --- cathodic protection --- carbon steel --- pipeline --- AC interference corrosion --- AC corrosion assessment --- protection criteria --- corrosion mechanism --- chitosan --- lignosulfonate --- sulfate reducing bacteria --- biofilm --- impedance spectroscopy --- electropolishing --- stainless steel --- surface roughness --- microhardness --- stress-corrosion cracking --- friction stir welding (FSW) --- AA7075 --- pure iron --- groundwater --- corrosion behavior --- ions --- temperature --- hot stamping steel --- AlSi-based coating --- electrodeposited paint --- Zn --- Mg --- hydrogen induced cracking --- sulfide stress cracking --- sour --- hydrogen permeation --- diffusion --- high-strength wires --- potentiodynamic polarization --- metallography --- fracture morphology --- metal additive manufacturing --- aluminium alloys --- corrosion behaviour --- Nb-Si based alloy --- MoSi2-ZrB2 coating --- atmospheric plasma --- oxidation

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