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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

host defense --- infection --- immunity --- disease tolerance --- tissue damage

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Although many insects successfully live in dangerous environments exposed to diverse communities of microbes, they are often exploited and killed by specialist pathogens. In the process of the co-evolution of insects and entomopathogenic microorganisms, they develop various adaptive systems that determine the sustainable existence of dynamic host–parasite interactions at both the organismic and population levels.

field production --- sustainable management --- pest control --- soil properties --- microbial community --- biological activity --- soil DNA analyses --- α-cypermethrin --- insects --- mycoses --- spontaneous bacterioses --- fungal–bacteria interactions --- Cordyceps militaris --- antimicrobial peptides --- Woronin body --- conidiation --- stress response --- appressorium formation --- virulence --- Metarhizium robertsii --- mycotoxins --- entomopathogen --- arthropods --- CYP450 --- gut-histology --- non-toxicity --- nematophagous fungi --- cross-kingdom interactions --- food-web cycling --- phytophagous nematodes --- soilborne fungal pathogens --- entomopathogenic fungi --- resistant triatomines --- biological control --- bassianolide --- beauvericin --- limpet --- dual gene expression --- genomics --- host defense --- immunity --- next generation sequencing --- transcriptome --- two-spotted field crickets --- immune defense --- immunocompetence --- pathogens --- sex --- Tenebrio molitor --- Buxus --- invasive pests --- alkaloids --- antimicrobial activity --- Geometridae --- Hypocreales --- mortality --- moth --- larva --- pupa --- Chilo suppressalis --- isolation --- identification --- pathogenicity --- n/a --- fungal-bacteria interactions

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This Special Issue Book, “Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, andTherapeutic Potential"" includes up-to-date information regarding bioactivepeptides isolated from marine organisms. Marine peptides have been found invarious phyla, and their numbers have grown in recent years. These peptidesare diverse in structure and possess broad-spectrum activities that have greatpotential for medical applications. Various marine peptides are evolutionaryancient molecular factors of innate immunity that play a key role in host defense.A plethora of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,anticancer, anticoagulant, endotoxin-binding, immune-modulating, etc., makemarine peptides an attractive molecular basis for drug design. This Special IssueBook presents new results in the isolation, structural elucidation, functionalcharacterization, and therapeutic potential evaluation of peptides found inmarine organisms. Chemical synthesis and biotechnological production of marinepeptides and their mimetics is also a focus of this Special Issue Book.

cone snail --- tilapia --- n/a --- animal models --- BRICHOS domain --- recombinant peptide --- calcium absorption --- plastein reaction --- antioxidant activity --- endothelial dysfunction --- C3a --- lung cancer --- invertebrate immunity --- identification --- zinc bioavailability --- NA-inhibitory peptide --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- review --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- intestinal absorption --- hairtail (Trichiurus japonicas) --- DU-145 cells --- peptide --- crustacean --- venom duct --- Kalloconus --- drug design --- molecular symmetry --- arenicin --- ?-helix --- APETx2 --- conotoxins --- functional diversity --- docking --- conotoxin --- neuraminidase --- angiotensin II --- polychaeta --- influenza virus --- phylogeny --- gene expression --- host defense peptide --- Perinereis aibuhitensis --- anti-diabetic activity --- conopeptides --- SHRs --- Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate (CPPH) --- metastasis --- Caco-2 cell monolayer --- Nrf2 --- caco-2 cells --- HUVEC --- PYP15 --- sea cucumber --- decapeptide --- cytotoxic --- arenicin-1 --- marine peptides --- cell proliferation --- Conus --- Conus ateralbus --- self-production of hydrogen peroxide --- antimicrobial activity --- molecular dynamics --- machine learning --- tachyplesins --- ion channels --- gut microbiota --- Anthopleura anjunae oligopeptide --- signaling pathways --- half-fin anchovy hydrolysates --- NF-?B --- Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate (CPPH-Ca) --- antihypertensive effect --- QAGLSPVR --- antimicrobial peptides --- vasculogenic mimicry --- antibacterial --- ?-hairpin --- innate immunity --- transcriptome sequencing --- HIF-1? --- Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis --- function --- ACE-inhibitory peptide --- complement --- peptide-zinc complex --- structure-activity relationship --- multi-functional peptides --- cod skin --- adsorption --- Maillard reaction products --- molecular docking --- antibacterial peptide --- PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway --- Arenicola marina --- structure–activity relationship --- antimicrobial peptide --- Rana-box --- acid-sensing ion channel --- Neptunea arthritica cumingii --- apoptosis --- membrane damage --- proteolytic system --- toxin --- polyphemusins --- computational studies --- muscle --- oyster zinc-binding peptide --- abalone --- pain relief --- transport routes --- cytotoxicity --- dexamethasone --- cell death --- host?microbe relationship --- anti-LPS factor --- MMPs --- protein synthesis --- structure --- Pyropia yezoensis peptide --- cone snails --- chemical synthesis --- prostate cancer --- Ugr 9-1 --- myotube atrophy

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Starting from a kinase of interest, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has gone far beyond an average biomolecule. Being expressed in all mammalian cell types and probably having a counterpart in every eukaryotic cell, AMPK has attracted interest in virtually all areas of biological research. Structural and biophysical insights have greatly contributed to a molecular understanding of this kinase. From good old protein biochemistry to modern approaches, such as systems biology and advanced microscopy, all disciplines have provided important information. Thus, multiple links to cellular events and subcellular localizations have been established. Moreover, the crucial involvement of AMPK in human health and disease has been evidenced. AMPK accordingly has moved from an interesting enzyme to a pharmacological target. However, despite our extensive current knowledge about AMPK, the growing community is busier than ever. This book provides a snapshot of recent and current AMPK research with an emphasis on work providing molecular insight, including but not limited to novel physiological and pathological functions, or regulatory mechanisms. Up-to-date reviews and research articles are included.

n/a --- HDACs --- transcription --- epigenetics --- spermatozoa --- par complex --- A769662 --- MDCK --- skeletal muscle --- AID --- phosphorylation --- energy metabolism --- monocytes --- autophagy --- CML --- liver --- hindlimb suspension --- pregnancy --- preeclampsia --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- CaMKK2 --- assisted reproduction techniques --- nutrient-sensing signals --- sonic hedgehog --- protein acetylation --- glycogen storage disease --- AMPK --- adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase --- AICAR --- indirect calorimetry --- IL-1? --- MyHC I(?) --- HDAC4/5 --- endothelial cells --- infection --- hepatocyte --- p70S6K --- lipid metabolism --- host defense --- exercise --- kidney disease --- heat shock protein --- ?RIM --- mycobacteria --- activation loop --- developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) --- CREB --- TAK1 --- metabolic-inflammation --- phenylephrine --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- KATs --- 2-methoxyestradiol --- DNA methylation --- NLRP3 --- pump --- ?-linker --- steatosis --- AMPK kinase --- stress --- endothelial nitric-oxide synthase --- vasodilation --- adherent junctions --- epithelial cells --- glycogen --- Akt --- synaptic activation --- cellular energy sensing --- glucose uptake --- transporter --- co-expression --- atrophy --- nutrigenomics --- motility --- vasoconstriction --- fatty acid oxidation --- oxidative stress --- AS160 --- membrane --- histone modification --- sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) --- chromatin remodeling --- insulin signalling --- dietary fatty acids --- ULK --- CMML --- adaptive thermogenesis --- mTOR --- MDS --- mechanical unloading --- AML --- endothelial function --- medulloblastoma --- PKA --- adipose tissue --- NAD⁺ --- membranes --- nutrition --- ZO-1 --- TBC1D4 --- adipocyte --- soluble Adenylyl cyclase --- metabolism --- renin-angiotensin system --- energy utilization --- proteasome --- differentiation --- signaling --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-? (PGC1?) --- hypertrophy --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- metabolic disease --- LKB1 --- soleus muscle --- macrophages --- Immediate early genes --- CBS --- beiging --- motor endplate remodeling --- ionomycin --- nectin-afadin --- tight junctions --- resveratrol --- protein kinase B --- regrowth --- mitochondria --- protein synthesis --- energy deficiency --- catechol-O-methyltransferase --- fiber-type --- microarrays --- carrier --- acetyl-CoA --- hypertension --- 3T3-L1 --- hypothalamus --- food intake --- benign

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In recent years, peptides have received increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry. The high potency, specificity, and safety profile are the main strengths of bioactive peptides as new and promising therapies that may fill the gap between small molecules and protein drugs. These positive attributes have renewed interest in the discovery, optimization, and development of peptides as pharmacological therapy. Among bioactive peptides, those released from food sources have acquired importance as nutraceutical and active components in functional foods because they possess regulatory functions that can lead to health benefits. This Special Issue covers a selection of recent research papers and reviews in the field of bioactive peptides. It covers all aspects of peptide research in relation to health promotion. In particular, it emphasizes current knowledge and research trends concerning bioactive peptides, including identification and quantification of peptides from new sources, methods for their production and purification, structure–function relationships, mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo assays for the evaluation of their bioactivity, physiological evidence to support health benefits, and peptide stability and bioavailability. Papers regarding the development of new drugs, functional foods, or nutraceuticals based on bioactive peptides were also considered.

antihypertensive peptides --- functional food --- food-derived --- fermentation --- Chlorella sorokiniana --- in silico --- BIOPEP-UWM database --- proteomics --- bioactive peptides --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC–nanoESI MS/MS) --- apolipoprotein E --- amyloid fibrils --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Αβ oligomer --- amyloid --- Aβ peptide --- glioma --- platelets --- antiproliferative assay --- conjugation --- docetaxel --- doxorubicin --- extra domain B --- fibronectin --- Fmoc/tBu --- peptide–drug conjugate --- prostate cancer --- solid-phase synthesis --- targeting --- acrylamide --- enteric nervous system --- galanin --- pig --- stomach --- formyl peptide receptors --- ligands --- diseases --- polymicrobial biofilms --- intragenic antimicrobial peptide --- Hs02 --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- osteostatin --- arthritis --- inflammation --- immune response --- cartilage destruction --- bone erosion --- collagen --- hydrolysis --- enzyme --- molecular weight --- sheepskin --- NF-κB --- dry-cured pork ham --- angiotensin I converting enzyme --- endothelial dysfunction --- molecular blind docking --- Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B) --- Histatin-5 --- antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) --- antifungal activity --- proteome microarray --- synergy --- temporin --- MRSA --- antimicrobial peptide --- human keratinocytes --- pseudin-2 --- antisepsis, peptide antibiotics --- neurotensin --- asthma --- T cells --- In situ tetramer staining --- MHC tetramer --- antigen-specific --- confocal microscopy --- fresh tissue --- velvet antler --- alcalase hydrolysate --- antioxidant peptide --- protection ability --- oxidative stress --- Crassostrea angulata --- pidotimod --- CXCR3 --- monocyte --- migration --- PI3K/Akt pathway --- T cell --- immunomodulant --- host defense peptides --- membrane activity --- copper --- piscidins --- Clostridioides difficile --- prolactin-releasing peptide --- GPR10 --- RF-amide peptides --- food intake regulation --- energy expenditure --- neuroprotection --- signaling --- gender differences --- dyslipidemia --- obesity --- hyperglycemia --- pulmonary emphysema --- endothelial progenitor cells --- angiogenic precursor cells --- pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 --- and endothelial regeneration --- miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) --- swim bladder --- FPYLRH --- antioxidant activity --- cytoprotective effect --- antimicrobial peptides --- antimicrobial resistance --- AMP identification and design --- biosynthesis --- mode of action --- physico-chemical properties --- therapeutic potential --- insects --- Cecropins --- Cec-analogs --- MDR infectious diseases --- airway inflammation --- non-atopic asthma --- hybrid peptide --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- sPLA2 --- MDA --- database --- proteolysis --- SMILES code --- foods --- nutrition --- chronic diseases --- nutraceuticals --- peptide vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- humanized mouse --- cancer antigen --- immune suppression --- vasoactive intestinal peptide --- VPAC1 receptor --- VPAC2 receptor --- rheumatic diseases --- inflammatory bowel disease --- central nervous system diseases --- type 1 diabetes --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- biomarkers --- human antimicrobial peptides --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- anti-inflammatory --- pro-inflammatory --- peptide --- combinatorial library --- library design --- screening --- mutagenesis --- prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) --- hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) --- collagen peptide --- fibroblasts --- fetal bovine serum (FBS) --- AMD --- CNV --- VEGFR1 --- multimeric peptides --- oral delivery --- colorectal cancer --- cancer stem cells --- chemoprevention --- bioactive peptide --- lunasin --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- whey peptides --- molecular docking --- hypertension --- antibiotic resistance --- cystic fibrosis --- cryptides --- anti-biofilm peptides --- synergistic effects --- n/a --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-nanoESI MS/MS) --- Alzheimer's disease --- peptide-drug conjugate --- Sjögren's syndrome