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From the 1970s on, Los Angeles was transformed into a center for entertainment, consumption, and commerce for the affluent. Mirroring the urban development trend across the nation, new construction led to the displacement of low-income and working-class racial minorities, as city officials targeted these neighborhoods for demolition in order to spur economic growth and bring in affluent residents. Responding to the displacement, there emerged a coalition of unions, community organizers, and faith-based groups advocating for policy change. In Building Downtown Los Angeles Leland Saito traces these two parallel trends through specific construction projects and the backlash they provoked. He uses these events to theorize the past and present processes of racial formation and the racialization of place, drawing new insights on the relationships between race, place, and policy. Saito brings to bear the importance of historical events on contemporary processes of gentrification and integrates the fluidity of racial categories into his analysis. He explores these forces in action, as buyers and entrepreneurs meet in the real estate marketplace, carrying with them a fraught history of exclusion and vast disparities in wealth among racial groups.
City planning --- Urban renewal --- Gentrification --- Los Angeles (Calif.) --- Race relations. --- Community Benefits Agreements. --- Gentrification. --- convention centers. --- growth coalitions. --- racial formation. --- racial wealth gap. --- racial-spatial formation. --- racialization of place. --- social justice coalitions. --- sports arenas.
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In this text, Robert Lewis charts the city's decline since the 1920s and describes the early development of Chicago's famed (and reviled) growth machine. Beginning in the 1940s, downtown business interest, financial institutions, and real estate groups, place-dependent organisations in Chicago implemented several industrial renewal initiatives with the dual purpose of stopping factory closings and attracting new firms in order to turn blighted property into modern industrial sites. At the same time, a more powerful coalition sought to adapt the urban fabric to appeal to middle-class consumption and residential living. As Lewis shows, the two aims were never well integrated, and the result was on-going disinvestment and the inexorable decline of Chicago's industrial space. By the 1950s, it was evident that the early incarnation of the growth machine had failed to maintain Chicago's economic centre in industry.
Industrialization --- City planning --- History --- Chicago (Ill.) --- Economic conditions --- Urban redevelopment in Chicago, Industrial decline and central-city job loss, Growth coalitions and urban renewa, Industrial property relations and public-private interaction, industrial suburbanization.
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