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One of the most exciting new subjects in Algebraic Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry is the theory of Euler systems. Euler systems are special collections of cohomology classes attached to p-adic Galois representations. Introduced by Victor Kolyvagin in the late 1980's in order to bound Selmer groups attached to p-adic representations, Euler systems have since been used to solve several key problems. These include certain cases of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and the Main Conjecture of Iwasawa Theory. Because Selmer groups play a central role in Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, Euler systems should be a powerful tool in the future development of the field. Here, in the first book to appear on the subject, Karl Rubin presents a self-contained development of the theory of Euler systems. Rubin first reviews and develops the necessary facts from Galois cohomology. He then introduces Euler systems, states the main theorems, and develops examples and applications. The remainder of the book is devoted to the proofs of the main theorems as well as some further speculations. The book assumes a solid background in algebraic Number Theory, and is suitable as an advanced graduate text. As a research monograph it will also prove useful to number theorists and researchers in Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry.

Algebraic number theory. --- p-adic numbers. --- Numbers, p-adic --- Number theory --- p-adic analysis --- Galois cohomology --- Cohomologie galoisienne. --- Algebraic number theory --- p-adic numbers --- Abelian extension. --- Abelian variety. --- Absolute Galois group. --- Algebraic closure. --- Barry Mazur. --- Big O notation. --- Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. --- Cardinality. --- Class field theory. --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Complex multiplication. --- Conjecture. --- Corollary. --- Cyclotomic field. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Divisibility rule. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elliptic curve. --- Error term. --- Euler product. --- Euler system. --- Exact sequence. --- Existential quantification. --- Field of fractions. --- Finite set. --- Functional equation. --- Galois cohomology. --- Galois group. --- Galois module. --- Gauss sum. --- Global field. --- Heegner point. --- Ideal class group. --- Integer. --- Inverse limit. --- Inverse system. --- Karl Rubin. --- Local field. --- Mathematical induction. --- Maximal ideal. --- Modular curve. --- Modular elliptic curve. --- Natural number. --- Orthogonality. --- P-adic number. --- Pairing. --- Principal ideal. --- R-factor (crystallography). --- Ralph Greenberg. --- Remainder. --- Residue field. --- Ring of integers. --- Scientific notation. --- Selmer group. --- Subgroup. --- Tate module. --- Taylor series. --- Tensor product. --- Theorem. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Victor Kolyvagin. --- Courbes elliptiques --- Nombres, Théorie des

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For hundreds of years, the study of elliptic curves has played a central role in mathematics. The past century in particular has seen huge progress in this study, from Mordell's theorem in 1922 to the work of Wiles and Taylor-Wiles in 1994. Nonetheless, there remain many fundamental questions where we do not even know what sort of answers to expect. This book explores two of them: What is the average rank of elliptic curves, and how does the rank vary in various kinds of families of elliptic curves? Nicholas Katz answers these questions for families of ''big'' twists of elliptic curves in the function field case (with a growing constant field). The monodromy-theoretic methods he develops turn out to apply, still in the function field case, equally well to families of big twists of objects of all sorts, not just to elliptic curves. The leisurely, lucid introduction gives the reader a clear picture of what is known and what is unknown at present, and situates the problems solved in this book within the broader context of the overall study of elliptic curves. The book's technical core makes use of, and explains, various advanced topics ranging from recent results in finite group theory to the machinery of l-adic cohomology and monodromy. Twisted L-Functions and Monodromy is essential reading for anyone interested in number theory and algebraic geometry.

L-functions. --- Monodromy groups. --- Functions, L --- -L-functions. --- Group theory --- -Number theory --- L-functions --- Monodromy groups --- Abelian variety. --- Absolute continuity. --- Addition. --- Affine space. --- Algebraically closed field. --- Ambient space. --- Average. --- Betti number. --- Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. --- Blowing up. --- Codimension. --- Coefficient. --- Computation. --- Conjecture. --- Conjugacy class. --- Convolution. --- Critical value. --- Differential geometry of surfaces. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Direct sum. --- Divisor (algebraic geometry). --- Divisor. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elliptic curve. --- Equation. --- Equidistribution theorem. --- Existential quantification. --- Factorization. --- Finite field. --- Finite group. --- Finite set. --- Flat map. --- Fourier transform. --- Function field. --- Functional equation. --- Goursat's lemma. --- Ground field. --- Group representation. --- Hyperplane. --- Hypersurface. --- Integer matrix. --- Integer. --- Irreducible component. --- Irreducible polynomial. --- Irreducible representation. --- J-invariant. --- K3 surface. --- L-function. --- Lebesgue measure. --- Lefschetz pencil. --- Level of measurement. --- Lie algebra. --- Limit superior and limit inferior. --- Minimal polynomial (field theory). --- Modular form. --- Monodromy. --- Morphism. --- Numerical analysis. --- Orthogonal group. --- Percentage. --- Polynomial. --- Prime number. --- Probability measure. --- Quadratic function. --- Quantity. --- Quotient space (topology). --- Representation theory. --- Residue field. --- Riemann hypothesis. --- Root of unity. --- Scalar (physics). --- Set (mathematics). --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Subgroup. --- Summation. --- Symmetric group. --- System of imprimitivity. --- Theorem. --- Trivial representation. --- Zariski topology.

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Modular Forms and Special Cycles on Shimura Curves is a thorough study of the generating functions constructed from special cycles, both divisors and zero-cycles, on the arithmetic surface "M" attached to a Shimura curve "M" over the field of rational numbers. These generating functions are shown to be the q-expansions of modular forms and Siegel modular forms of genus two respectively, valued in the Gillet-Soulé arithmetic Chow groups of "M". The two types of generating functions are related via an arithmetic inner product formula. In addition, an analogue of the classical Siegel-Weil formula identifies the generating function for zero-cycles as the central derivative of a Siegel Eisenstein series. As an application, an arithmetic analogue of the Shimura-Waldspurger correspondence is constructed, carrying holomorphic cusp forms of weight 3/2 to classes in the Mordell-Weil group of "M". In certain cases, the nonvanishing of this correspondence is related to the central derivative of the standard L-function for a modular form of weight 2. These results depend on a novel mixture of modular forms and arithmetic geometry and should provide a paradigm for further investigations. The proofs involve a wide range of techniques, including arithmetic intersection theory, the arithmetic adjunction formula, representation densities of quadratic forms, deformation theory of p-divisible groups, p-adic uniformization, the Weil representation, the local and global theta correspondence, and the doubling integral representation of L-functions.

Arithmetical algebraic geometry. --- Shimura varieties. --- Varieties, Shimura --- Algebraic geometry, Arithmetical --- Arithmetic algebraic geometry --- Diophantine geometry --- Geometry, Arithmetical algebraic --- Geometry, Diophantine --- Arithmetical algebraic geometry --- Number theory --- Abelian group. --- Addition. --- Adjunction formula. --- Algebraic number theory. --- Arakelov theory. --- Arithmetic. --- Automorphism. --- Bijection. --- Borel subgroup. --- Calculation. --- Chow group. --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Combinatorics. --- Compact Riemann surface. --- Complex multiplication. --- Complex number. --- Cup product. --- Deformation theory. --- Derivative. --- Dimension. --- Disjoint union. --- Divisor. --- Dual pair. --- Eigenfunction. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Eisenstein series. --- Elliptic curve. --- Endomorphism. --- Equation. --- Explicit formulae (L-function). --- Fields Institute. --- Formal group. --- Fourier series. --- Fundamental matrix (linear differential equation). --- Galois group. --- Generating function. --- Green's function. --- Group action. --- Induced representation. --- Intersection (set theory). --- Intersection number. --- Irreducible component. --- Isomorphism class. --- L-function. --- Laurent series. --- Level structure. --- Line bundle. --- Local ring. --- Mathematical sciences. --- Mathematics. --- Metaplectic group. --- Modular curve. --- Modular form. --- Modularity (networks). --- Moduli space. --- Multiple integral. --- Number theory. --- Numerical integration. --- Orbifold. --- Orthogonal complement. --- P-adic number. --- Pairing. --- Prime factor. --- Prime number. --- Pullback (category theory). --- Pullback (differential geometry). --- Pullback. --- Quadratic form. --- Quadratic residue. --- Quantity. --- Quaternion algebra. --- Quaternion. --- Quotient stack. --- Rational number. --- Real number. --- Residue field. --- Riemann zeta function. --- Ring of integers. --- SL2(R). --- Scientific notation. --- Shimura variety. --- Siegel Eisenstein series. --- Siegel modular form. --- Special case. --- Standard L-function. --- Subgroup. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Tensor product. --- Test vector. --- Theorem. --- Three-dimensional space (mathematics). --- Topology. --- Trace (linear algebra). --- Triangular matrix. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Uniformization. --- Valuative criterion. --- Whittaker function.

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This book provides an accessible and self-contained introduction to the theory of algebraic curves over a finite field, a subject that has been of fundamental importance to mathematics for many years and that has essential applications in areas such as finite geometry, number theory, error-correcting codes, and cryptology. Unlike other books, this one emphasizes the algebraic geometry rather than the function field approach to algebraic curves. The authors begin by developing the general theory of curves over any field, highlighting peculiarities occurring for positive characteristic and requiring of the reader only basic knowledge of algebra and geometry. The special properties that a curve over a finite field can have are then discussed. The geometrical theory of linear series is used to find estimates for the number of rational points on a curve, following the theory of Stöhr and Voloch. The approach of Hasse and Weil via zeta functions is explained, and then attention turns to more advanced results: a state-of-the-art introduction to maximal curves over finite fields is provided; a comprehensive account is given of the automorphism group of a curve; and some applications to coding theory and finite geometry are described. The book includes many examples and exercises. It is an indispensable resource for researchers and the ideal textbook for graduate students.

Curves, Algebraic. --- Finite fields (Algebra) --- Modular fields (Algebra) --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebraic fields --- Galois theory --- Modules (Algebra) --- Algebraic curves --- Algebraic varieties --- Abelian group. --- Abelian variety. --- Affine plane. --- Affine space. --- Affine variety. --- Algebraic closure. --- Algebraic curve. --- Algebraic equation. --- Algebraic extension. --- Algebraic function. --- Algebraic geometry. --- Algebraic integer. --- Algebraic number field. --- Algebraic number theory. --- Algebraic number. --- Algebraic variety. --- Algebraically closed field. --- Applied mathematics. --- Automorphism. --- Birational invariant. --- Characteristic exponent. --- Classification theorem. --- Clifford's theorem. --- Combinatorics. --- Complex number. --- Computation. --- Cyclic group. --- Cyclotomic polynomial. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Degenerate conic. --- Divisor (algebraic geometry). --- Divisor. --- Dual curve. --- Dual space. --- Elliptic curve. --- Equation. --- Fermat curve. --- Finite field. --- Finite geometry. --- Finite group. --- Formal power series. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function field. --- Fundamental theorem. --- Galois extension. --- Galois theory. --- Gauss map. --- General position. --- Generic point. --- Geometry. --- Homogeneous polynomial. --- Hurwitz's theorem. --- Hyperelliptic curve. --- Hyperplane. --- Identity matrix. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Intersection number (graph theory). --- Intersection number. --- J-invariant. --- Line at infinity. --- Linear algebra. --- Linear map. --- Mathematical induction. --- Mathematics. --- Menelaus' theorem. --- Modular curve. --- Natural number. --- Number theory. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Permutation group. --- Plane curve. --- Point at infinity. --- Polar curve. --- Polygon. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Prime number. --- Projective plane. --- Projective space. --- Quadratic transformation. --- Quadric. --- Resolution of singularities. --- Riemann hypothesis. --- Scalar multiplication. --- Scientific notation. --- Separable extension. --- Separable polynomial. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Singular point of a curve. --- Special case. --- Subgroup. --- Sylow theorems. --- System of linear equations. --- Tangent. --- Theorem. --- Transcendence degree. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Valuation ring. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector space.